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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Helicobacter. 2008 Oct;13(5):352–360. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00624.x

Table 3.

Helicobacter pylori status and GERD Symptom Severity (Physician-defined GERD group vs. population controls with heartburn or acid regurgitation less than once a month or never)

Number of Subjects1 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)2 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)2
H. pylori antibody positive3 CagA antibody positive4
Population controls No GERD5 175 1.0 1.0
Physician-defined GERD patients GERD Characteristic 301 0.27 (0.15-0.47) 0.26 (0.11-0.61)
Severity
Mild 33 0.45 (0.16-1.26) 0.19 (0.02-1.59)
Moderate 118 0.19 (0.08-0.44) 0.25 (0.08-0.79)
Severe or very severe 134 0.18 (0.08-0.41) 0.20 (0.06-0.68)
Frequency
Monthly 33 0.31 (0.09-1.01) 0.21 (0.03-1.75)
Weekly 59 0.15 (0.05-0.48) 0.10 (0.01-0.82)
Several times a week or daily 166 0.18 (0.09-0.38) 0.24 (0.09-0.68)
1

The sum of the subcategories may not equal the total for the entire category due to missing values or other values for a subcategory. The totals exclude population controls with greater than monthly (but less than weekly) GERD symptoms.

2

Odds ratios were adjusted for gender, age, facility of diagnosis, and educational status.

3

“Exposed” subjects were positive for H. pylori antibody; this included both cagA positive and cagA negative subjects. “Unexposed” subjects were H. pylori negative and cagA negative.

4

“Exposed” subjects were positive for both H. pylori antibody positive and cagA antibody. “Unexposed” subjects were H. pylori negative and cagA negative.

5

Heartburn or acid regurgitation less than once a month or never.