Table 6.
Developing pain: Markov transition models – analyses of a period of pain at one-year follow-up, for those without a period of pain at baseline.
Explanatory variables from baseline | Exposed cases | Simple model | Adjusted model | Proportion ratio | |||
Odds ratio | P-value | Odds ratio | P-value | 95% CI | |||
Women/men | 86 | 3.0 | < 0.001 | 3.1 | < 0.0001 | 2.00; 4.82 | 2.5 |
Overweight | 10 | 0.80 | 0.522 | 0.82 | |||
Breakfast regularly | 103 | 0.81 | 0.423 | 0.84 | |||
Snuff use | 5 | - | - | - | |||
Smoking | 7 | 1.2 | 0.685 | 1.1 | |||
Physical activity | 0.99 | 0.599 | 0.99 | ||||
High work/study demands (ref: not too high) | 62 | 0.126 | 0.296 | ||||
Not affecting home life | 48 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.913; 2.20 | 1.4 | ||
Affecting home life | 16 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.596; 2.12 | 1.3 | ||
High home life demands | 8 | 2.2 | 0.063 | 2.2 | 0.080 | 0.912; 5.07 | 1.9 |
Work/study time | 1.0 | 0.889 | 1.0 | ||||
Good relationship with superiors | 116 | 0.67 | 0.280 | 0.72 | |||
Good relationship with colleagues | 114 | 0.56 | 0.098 | 0.72 | 0.373 | 0.354; 1.48 | 0.62 |
Computer use pattern (ref: 0) |
64 | 0.016 | 0.021 | ||||
One 4 h period without a break | 20 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.941; 2.94 | 1.5 | ||
At least two 4 h periods without a break | 42 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.16; 2.89 | 1.7 | ||
Asthma | 13 | 2.0 | 0.046 | 2.0 | 0.052 | 0.996; 3.91 | 1.7 |
Perceived stress | 84 | 1.9 | 0.002 | 1.7 | 0.011 | 1.13; 2.63 | 1.7 |
All odds ratios are adjusted for gender (using men as the reference category). For the adjusted odds ratios both p-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. The total number of respondents varied between N = 267 – 326, because of incomplete data. Estimates were not calculated for explanatory variables with five or fewer exposed cases.