Table 3.

Summary of published findings on morphological changes in the villous membrane of peripheral villi found in cases of PE with and without IUGR. Changes are with respect to placentas from control (uncomplicated) pregnancies

Measures	Case Types	Natures of change	References	Comments
Surface area of capillaries	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Decrease	2,5,6,8,9,16,18,22,23, present	Some supposedly PE may be PE + IUGR
	PE	NS	4,16,18,22, present
Volume of trophoblast	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Decrease	2,5,6,8,18
	PE	NS	18
Surface of trophoblast	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Decrease	2,3,5,6,8,9,16,18,22,23, present	Some supposedly PE may be PE + IUGR
	PE	NS
Number of CT nuclei	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Decrease	2,5
	PE	NS	4
Number of ST nuclei	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Decrease	2,5
	PE	NS	4
Thickness of trophoblast	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Increase or NS	18	Arithmetic mean
Thickness of basal lamina	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Increase	1,10,17,20	Worse when IUGR is with ARED
Thickness of villous membrane	IUGR and PE + IUGR	NS or decrease	16,18	Arithmetic and harmonic means
	PE	NS	present	Arithmetic and harmonic mean
CT proliferation rate	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Increase or NS or decrease	1,7,10,12,14,17	Some IUGR with ARED. Nature of change influenced by method and way in which rate is expressed
	PE	Increase or NS	7,21
ST differentiation/loss rates	IUGR and PE + IUGR	Increase or NS	1,11,13,15,19,24,25,26	Methods and choice of rate vary
	PE	Increase	19,21,24,26,27	Increase may vary between early and late onset

NS indicates no significant change; ARED is absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in umbilical arteries. References: 1. Jones & Fox (1980); 2. Teasdale (1984); 3. Boyd & Scott (1985); 4. Teasdale (1985); 5. Teasdale (1987); 6. Pivalizza et al. (1990); 7. Arnholdt et al. (1991); 8. Jackson et al. (1995); 9. Burton et al. (1996); 10. Macara et al. (1996); 11. Smith et al. (1997); 12. Smith et al. (1998); 13. Erel et al. (2001); 14. Chen et al. (2002); 15. Ishihara et al. (2002); 16. Ansari et al. (2003); 17. Madazli et al. (2003); 18. Mayhew et al. (2003a); 19. Austgulen et al. (2004); 20. Battistelli et al. (2004); 21. Huppertz & Kingdom (2004); 22. Mayhew et al. (2004c); 23. Egbor et al. (2006); 24. Goswami et al. (2006); 25. Axt et al. (1999); 26. Allaire et al. (2000); 27. Johansen et al. (1999).