Figure 1.

The combination of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ increase chemokine secretion. Alveolar type II cells were cultured in rat serum with or without KGF. The mixture of cytokines (10 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 10 ng/ml IFN-γ) was added on Day 7 of culture, and the cells and the apical media were collected 24 h later. The cytokine mixture increased the secretion of MIP-2 and MCP-1 in both differentiated and dedifferentiated alveolar type II cells. The results are shown as ng/ml and data per μg DNA are stated in the text. The means ± SE of seven independent experiments is shown. The asterisk signifies a statistically significant change (P < 0.05) compared with the controls without cytokines, and the plus sign signifies a significant change (P < 0.05) effect of KGF in the absence of cytokines.