Figure 1.
The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato. CrtL-b, lycopene β-cyclase; CrtL-e, lycopene ɛ-cyclase; CrtR-b, β-ring hydroxylase, CrtR-e, ɛ-ring hydroxylase; GGDP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; Ggps, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; Pds, phytoene desaturase; Psy, phytoene synthase; Vde, violaxanthin deepoxidase; Zds, ζ-carotene desaturase; Zep, zeaxanthin epoxidase.