Effect of the nanA mutation on virulence of V. vulnificus to INT-407 cells. INT-407 cells were infected with wild-type HG071, the nanA mutant HG072, or the complemented strain at various MOIs for 2 h (A) or at an MOI of 10 for various incubation times (B). Error bars represent the SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005 relative to groups infected with the V. vulnificus wild type at each MOI or incubation time. WT, wild type; nanA (pJH0311), nanA mutant; nanA (pHG0704), complemented strain.