Camptothecin inhibits replication and reactivation of gene expression by Zta. (A) EBV DNA copy numbers were assayed by real-time PCR analysis of OriLyt relative to cellular actin. ZKO-293 cells were transfected with Zta (+) or with control vector (−) and then treated with either 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 μM camptothecin (CTN). (B) The same ZKO-293 cells treated as described above (A) were assayed by Western blotting with antibodies for Zta, EA-D, and Rta. (C) ZKO-293 cells were transfected as described above (A) and then treated with either 0, 0.5, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 μg/ml of etoposide (ETO), as indicated. (D) ZKO-293 cells treated in C were assayed by Western blotting for Zta, EA-D, and Rta expression. (E) Southern blot analysis of EBV DNA in D98/HR1 cells induced with TPA and NaB and then treated with either mock treatment, 1 μM camptothecin, or 50 μg/ml etoposide at 3 h postinduction. DNA was isolated at 24 h postinduction. DNA was restricted with BamHI and visualized by hybridization with a probe to OriLyt. Arrows indicate incomplete products of incomplete viral DNA synthesis.