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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Dec;1148:223–231. doi: 10.1196/annals.1410.061

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effector sharing. Sharing of an effector by multiple homeostats can explain unpredicted consequences and syndromic features of disease processes. For instance, in heart failure, decreased aortic filling increases levels of vasopressin (AVP), which, as the anti-diuretic hormone, promotes retention of free water, explaining hyponatremia attending heart failure.