Figure 6).

The role of bradykinin in the early and delayed antiarrhythmic-effect preconditioning induced by cardiac pacing. Compared with the controls (filled histograms) cardiac pacing, commenced either 5 min (‘classical’) or 24 h (second window of protection [‘SWOP’]) before coronary artery occlusion, markedly reduces the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and increases survival (open histograms). Icatibant given either before (hatched histograms) or after pacing, but before occlusion (dotted histograms), abolishes the early protection and markedly attenuates delayed protection against arrhythmias. *P<0.05 versus controls