Table 3.

Average pairwise dN and dS values estimated at non-epitope and CTL epitope regions.

	dN	SE#	dS	SE	P value *
CTL epitopes involved in association rules	0.01696	0.00982	0.37794	0.20974	< 0.01
CTL epitopes not involved in association rules	0.12168	0.06814	0.50929	0.18780	< 0.01
Non-epitope regions	0.14698	0.10288	0.53472	0.12572	< 0.01

This involves all CTL epitopes and non-epitope regions from all the HIV-1 genomic sequences included in the study. CTL Epitope regions are divided into those involved in association rules and those not involved.

^# Standard errors were estimated with 100 bootstrap replications in MEGA4.

* In pairwise t-tests, the null hypothesis of dS = dN was rejected in all three comparisons.