Table 4.
Comparison of Age Groups
| Younger (n= 99) |
Middle Aged (n = 274) |
Older (n = 84) |
Effect Size (Cohen’s d) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPCI Subscalea | M | SE | M | SE | M | SE | F | P | Y vs. O | Y vs. M | Mvs. O |
| Task Persistence | 4.4 | 0.19 | 4.5 | 0.11 | 4.8 | 0.21 | 0.85 | ns | –.21 | –.05 | –.16 |
| Pacing | 2.6 | 0.21†,‡ | 3.3 | 0.13‡ | 3.5 | 0.23† | 5.0 | < .01 | –.43 | –.33 | –.09 |
| Guarding | 2.4 | 0.17 | 2.7 | 0.10 | 2.9 | 0.18 | 2.3 | ns | –.30 | –.18 | –.12 |
| Resting | 3.0 | 0.19 | 3.2 | 0.11 | 3.1 | 0.20 | 0.52 | ns | –.05 | –.11 | .05 |
| Asking for Assistance | 2.9 | 0.23 | 2.8 | 0.14 | 3.0 | 0.26 | 0.35 | ns | –.04 | .04 | –.08 |
| Relaxation | 1.5 | 0.14 | 1.6 | 0.09 | 1.5 | 0.16 | 0.09 | ns | .0 | –.07 | .07 |
| Exercise/Stretching | 2.2 | 0.19 | 2.2 | 0.11 | 2.3 | 0.21 | 0.14 | ns | –.05 | .0 | .05 |
| Coping Self-Statements | 2.3 | 0.19† | 2.6 | 0.11* | 3.3 | 0.21†* | 7.0 | < .001 | –.52 | –.16 | –.37 |
| Seeking Social Support | 1.6 | 0.16† | 1.8 | 0.10 | 2.2 | 0.18† | 3.2 | < .05 | –.37 | –.12 | –.24 |
Note: CPCI = Chronic Pain Coping Inventory; Y = younger; M = middle age; O = older.
a
Means controlling for average pain intensity in the past week, medical diagnosis, time since diagnosis or injury, gender, employment status (full-time, yes or no) and disability status (unemployment because of disability, yes or no).
†
Significant difference between younger and older groups (after Sidak correction, p < .05).
‡
Significant difference between younger and middle-aged groups (after Sidak correction, p <
*
Significant difference between middle-aged and older groups (after Sidak correction, p <.05).