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Therapeutic options for EcV
| Endoscopic |
| Band ligation |
| Injection sclerotherapy |
| Argon plasma coagulation |
| Medical: β-blockers |
| Interventional radiology |
| Embolization |
| TIPS ± embolization |
| B-RTO ± TIO |
| Surgical |
B-RTO, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; TIO, transiliocolic obliteration; TIPS; transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt
