. 2009 Aug 11;6(8):e1000123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000123

Table 2. Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developed countries.

	Response Variable: Lifetime Attempt among Part II Sample (n = 27,963)
	Bivariate Models^a	Multivariate Additive Model^b	Multivariate Interactive Model^c
DSM-IV Disorders	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
I. Anxiety disorders
Panic disorder	5.1 (4.0–6.4)^*	1.5 (1.1–2.1)^*	2.3 (1.6–3.3)^*
GAD	5.6 (4.6–6.7)^*	1.8 (1.4–2.3)^*	2.5 (1.9–3.4)^*
Specific phobia	2.9 (2.5–3.4)^*	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^*	1.9 (1.5–2.4)^*
Social phobia	3.8 (3.2–4.4)^*	1.5 (1.2–1.8)^*	1.9 (1.4–2.5)^*
PTSD	6.5 (5.4–7.6)^*	2.1 (1.7–2.7)^*	3.0 (2.3–3.8)^*
SAD	3.5 (2.8–4.4)^*	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	1.6 (1.2–2.1)^*
Agoraphobia	3.7 (2.7–5.0)^*	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	2.2 (1.4–3.4)^*
Any anxiety disorder	4.6 (4.0–5.3)^*	—	—
II. Mood disorders
MDD	5.8 (5.0–6.8)^*	2.9 (2.4–3.6)^*	3.2 (2.5–4.2)^*
Dysthymia	5.1 (4.0–6.6)^*	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	1.5 (1.0–2.2)^*
Bipolar disorder	7.1 (5.5–9.3)^*	2.3 (1.6–3.3)^*	3.5 (2.4–5.3)^*
Any Mood disorder	5.9 (5.1–6.8)^*	—	—
III. Impulse-control disorders
ODD	5.3 (4.1–6.7)^*	1.6 (1.1–2.2)^*	2.2 (1.6–3.0)^*
Conduct disorder	4.8 (3.6–6.4)^*	1.5 (1.1–2.1)^*	2.1 (1.4–3.0)^*
ADHD	4.6 (3.5–6.1)^*	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	1.9 (1.3–2.7)^*
IED	3.3 (2.5–4.3)^*	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	1.8 (1.2–2.5)^*
Any impulse-control disorder	4.3 (3.5–5.3)^*	—	—
IV. Substance use disorders
Alcohol abuse or dependency	4.4 (3.7–5.3)^*	2.1 (1.6–2.6)^*	2.6 (1.9–3.5)^*
Drug abuse or dependency	4.9 (3.8–6.2)^*	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	2.0 (1.4–2.8)^*
Any substance use disorder	4.8 (4.0–5.8)^*	—
V. Any disorder	6.4 (5.5–7.5)^*	—
Overall group effect χ² (p-value)^d		1,151.6 (<0.001)^*	160.5 (<0.001)^*

Empty cells indicate the disorder specified in the row was not included in the model.

Bivariate models (each disorder in a separate discrete time survival model) include the following controls: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

Multivariate additive model (all disorders together in a discrete time survival model) includes the following covariates: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

Multivariate interactive model (all disorders together in a discrete time survival model controlling for number of disorders as interactions) includes the following covariates: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

The group effect χ² tests the set of coefficients for type of disorder for significance, while the individual χ² only test presence versus absence of each DSM-IV/CIDI disorder.

*: Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.

Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; CI, confidence interval; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; IED, Intermittent Explosive Disorder; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; ODD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder; SAD, Separation Anxiety Disorder.