. 2009 Aug 11;6(8):e1000123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000123

Table 3. Survival models of the associations between DSM-IV disorders and a subsequent suicide attempt—developing countries.

	Response Variable: Lifetime Attempt among Part II Sample (n = 26,959)
	Bivariate Models^a	Multivariate Additive Model^b	Multivariate Interactive Model^c
DSM-IV Disorders	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
I. Anxiety disorders
Panic disorder	5.0 (3.4–7.3)^*	1.6 (0.9–2.9)	3.0 (1.7–5.4)^*
GAD	5.4 (3.9–7.5)^*	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	2.9 (1.8–4.6)^*
Specific phobia	3.3 (2.8–4.0)^*	1.9 (1.5–2.3)^*	2.6 (2.0–3.4)^*
Social phobia	3.9 (3.0–5.0)^*	1.7 (1.2–2.4)^*	2.9 (2.0–4.0)^*
PTSD	8.3 (6.0–11.6)^*	3.3 (2.1–5.1)^*	5.6 (3.5–8.8)^*
OCD	3.4 (2.0–6.1)^*	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	2.3 (1.3–4.2)^*
SAD	2.9 (2.1–4.0)^*	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	2.4 (1.7–3.4)^*
Agoraphobia	2.6 (1.8–3.7)^*	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	2.1 (1.4–3.0)^*
Any anxiety disorder	3.7 (3.2–4.4)^*	—	—
II. Mood disorders
MDD	5.1 (4.2–6.1)^*	2.2 (1.7–2.9)^*	3.2 (2.4–4.3)^*
Dysthymia	7.1 (4.8–10.7)^*	1.8 (1.0–3.4)	3.5 (1.9–6.6)^*
Bipolar disorder	6.7 (4.4–10.0)^*	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	3.2 (1.8–5.4)^*
Any mood disorder	5.0 (4.2–6.0)^*	—	—
III. Impulse-control disorders
ODD	6.7 (4.1–10.9)^*	1.9 (1.0–3.6)	3.6 (2.0–6.5)^*
Conduct disorder	8.9 (5.6–14.2)^*	2.4 (1.2–4.9)^*	4.8 (2.5–9.1)^*
ADHD	4.9 (3.2–7.7)^*	1.5 (0.8–2.8)	2.8 (1.6–4.9)^*
IED	4.7 (3.7–6.2)^*	2.0 (1.4–2.9)^*	3.3 (2.3–4.7)^*
Any Impulse-control disorder	5.4 (4.3–6.9)^*	—	—
IV. Substance use disorders
Alcohol abuse or dependency	4.8 (3.7–6.1)^*	2.5 (1.8–3.6)^*	3.7 (2.6–5.4)^*
Drug abuse or dependency	7.5 (5.4–10.4)^*	2.1 (1.2–3.6)^*	4.0 (2.5–6.4)^*
Any substance use disorder	5.4 (4.3–6.8)^*	—	—
V. Any disorder	5.1 (4.3–6.0)^*	—	—
Overall group effect χ² (p-value)^d	—	656.8 (<0.001)^*	159.3 (<0.001)^*

Empty cells indicate the disorder specified in the row was not included in the model.

Bivariate models (each disorder in a separate discrete time survival model) include the following controls: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

Multivariate additive model (all disorders together in a discrete time survival model) includes the following covariates: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

Multivariate interactive model (all disorders together in a discrete time survival model controlling for number of disorders as interactions) includes the following covariates: age, age-squared, age cohorts, sex, and person-year.

The group effect χ² tests the set of coefficients for type of disorder for significance, while the individual χ² only test presence versus absence of each DSM-IV/CIDI disorder.

*: Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.

Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; CI, confidence interval; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; IED, Intermittent Explosive Disorder; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; ODD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder; PTSD, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; SAD, Separation Anxiety Disorder.