Light-induced rapid-scan FTIR difference spectra of DMPC/DMPA liposome films with the GR variants: (A) wild-type, 1 ms delay at 2°C, pH 9 (0.1 M NaCl + 0.05 M KH2PO4 + 0.05 M CHES); (B) D121N, 1 ms delay at 7°C, pH 7 (0.1 M NaCl + 0.05 M KH2PO4); (C) E132Q, photostationary (>540 nm illumination) light-dark difference at 20°C, pH 9; and (D) E132D, 1 ms delay at 2°C, pH 9, but note the 12-ms interferogram acquisition time.