(a) High-sensitivity DSC heating scans for multilamellar DPPC/C16-ceramide vesicles (MLVs). (b) Data for the same MLVs recorded upon cooling. Also shown are the (c) heating and (d) cooling scans for DPPC/C16-C1P MLVs. The mole fraction of ceramide, Xcer, or ceramide-1-phosphate, XC1P, is indicated in the figure. The total lipid concentration was 1 mM in 20 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM EDTA, and 150 mM NaCl (pH 7.4).