Table 3.

Results: efficacy

	Dexmedetomidine	Haloperidol	P
Primary
Time to extubation, hours: median (IQR)	19.9 (7.3 to 24.0)	42.2 (23.2 to 117.8)	0.016
Secondary
Time to ICU discharge after randomisation, days: median (IQR)	1.5 (1 to 3)	6.5 (4 to 9)	0.0039
Total ICU length of stay, days: median (IQR)	4.5 (2 to 7)	8.0 (7.0 to 11.0)	0.0093
Time taken to achieve a satisfactory RASS agitation score (-2 to 1), hours: median (IQR)	4 (0 to 7)	18 (9 to 22)	0.071
Time taken to achieve a satisfactory ICDSC score (< 4), hours: median (IQR)	0 (0 to 2)	0 (0 to 2)	0.509
Proportion of time with a satisfactory RASS agitation score (-2 to 1), %: median (IQR)	50.5 (20 to 78)	26.5 (13 to 42)	0.256
Proportion of time with a satisfactory ICDSC score (< 4) when assessable, %: median (IQR)	95.5 (51 to 100)	31.5 (17 to 97)	0.122
Proportion of time with a desirable ICDSC score (< 1) when assessable, %: median (IQR)	61.0 (0.0 to 100.0)	0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)	0.134
Required restraint at any time while on study drug, %	90	80	0.53
Of patients requiring restraint at any time while on study drug, time to first not requiring restraint for > 4 hours, hours: median (IQR)	18 (7.3 to 38.5)	38 (26.3 to 49.8)	0.03
Need for supplemental sedative or analgesic medication, %
Propofol	60	80	0.33
Midazolam	20	10	0.53
Morphine	30	40	0.64
Of patients requiring supplemental sedative or analgesic medication, dose rate: mean (95% CI)
Propofol, mg/hour	87.7 (15.5 to 160.0)	123.4 (30.4 to 216.3)	0.504
Midazolam, mg/hour	1.0 (1.0 to 1.0)	2.4 (N/A)	N/A
Morphine, mg/hour	1.0 (0.5 to 1.5)	1.6 (0.3 to 2.8)	0.28
Of patients requiring supplemental sedative or analgesic medication, % time this was required: mean (95% CI)
Propofol	41.2 (0 to 88.2)	79.5 (61.8 to 97.2)	0.05
Midazolam	0 (0 to 0)	0 (N/A)	N/A
Morphine	0 (0 to 0)	32.9 (0 to 100)	0.29
Required tracheostomy	0	3	0.06

CI = confidence interval; ICDSC = Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; RASS = Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale.