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A, B, Effect of bilateral VNO removal (VNOx) or sham operation (VNOi) on the ability of female mice to discriminate between testes-intact male and estrous female volatile urinary odors presented outside of the home cage in experiment 1 (A) and experiment 3 (B). Each stimulus was presented three consecutive times. *,# p < 0.05, two-tailed Wilcoxon test comparisons with the third presentation of the previous stimulus for the respective groups.
