Phase shifts (panel A) and melatonin suppression (Panel B) in response to a 3-cycle 5-hour light stimulus in young adults. The magnitude of the phase shift (in hours) is plotted with respect to the illuminance of the light stimulus (in lux). Symbols represent mean (± s.e.m.) responses from each group of 7–9 subjects. The solid line represents a 3-paramater logistic curve fit to the data, and the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals of this fit are shown in the dashed lines. Figure reproduced with permission from Reference 63 [Zeitzer JM, Khalsa SB, Boivin DB, Duffy JF, Shanahan TL, Kronauer RE, and Czeisler CA. Temporal dynamics of late-night photic stimulation of the human circadian timing system. Am J Physiol 2005; 289(3):R839–R844].