Figure 4.

Pio reduces palmitate incorporation into complex lipids in INS 832/13 cells and does not increase β-oxidation. A–C, [1-¹⁴C]palmitate incorporation into DAG (A), TG (B), and PL (C) was determined after 45 min incubation. Data are expressed as fold change over basal (1 mm glucose) control condition. D, Total palmitate oxidation into CO₂ plus acid soluble products calculated from the oxidation of [1-¹⁴C]palmitate after 45 min incubation. Means ± sem, n = 9 (nine different cell wells in three separate experiments). Two-way ANOVA post hoc analyses: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 vs. vehicle at same glucose concentration. Glc, Glucose; Ctl; control; prot, protein.