Cardinal points in the kinetics of fast chlorophyll fluorescence rise and the formulae used for the calculation of biophysical parameters, according to the JIP-test.
| F0 | F20μs, fluorescence intensity at 20 μs, considered as the fluorescence intensity when all reaction centres (RC) are open |
| FM | Maximal fluorescence intensity, considered as the fluorescence intensity when all RCs are closed |
| FV | Variable fluorescence, FM–F0 |
| FJ or FI | Fluorescence intensity at 2 ms or 30 ms, respectively |
| M0 or (dV/dt)0 | 4(F300μs–F0)/(FM–F0), initial slope of the fluorescence transient |
| VJ | (F2ms–F0)/(FM–F0), relative variable fluorescence at 2 ms |
| VI | (F30ms–F0)/(FM–F0), relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms |
| Quantum yields or flux ratios | |
| φPo or TR0/ABS | FV/FM=1–F0/FM |
| φEo or ET0/ABS | φPο·ψEo=1–FJ/FM |
| φRo | φPο·ψE·δRο=1–FI/FM |
| ψEο or ET0/TR0 | 1–VJ=(FM–FJ)/(FM–F0) |
| δRo | (1–VI)/(1–VJ) = (FM–FI)/(FM–FJ) |
| Specific energy fluxes per RC | |
| ABS/RC | (M0/VJ)·FM/(FM–F0) |
| TR0/RC | M0/VJ |
| ET0/RC | (M0/VJ)·(1–VJ) |
| DI0/RC | (M0/VJ)·(F0/FV) |