EXHIBIT 1.
Distribution Of Hospital Characteristics In A Four-State Sample Of Hospitals, By Quality Of Nurses’ Work Environment, 2006–07
| Work environment quality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All (N = 430) |
Poor (n = 130) |
mixed (n = 173) |
Better (n = 127) |
p value |
| Patients per nurse, mean (SD) | 4.9 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.1) | 4.9 (1.0) | 4.6 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Bed size, no. (%) | 0.06 | ||||
| ≤100 beds | 38 (9%) | 9 (7%) | 14 (8%) | 15 (12%) | |
| 101–250 beds | 188 (44%) | 70 (54%) | 71 (41%) | 47 (37%) | |
| >250 beds | 204 (47%) | 51 (39%) | 88 (43%) | 65 (51%) | |
| Teaching status, no. (%) | 0.65 | ||||
| None | 220 (51%) | 64 (49%) | 90 (52%) | 66 (52%) | |
| Minor | 176 (41%) | 55 (42%) | 73 (42%) | 48 (38%) | |
| Major | 34 (8%) | 11 (8%) | 10 (6%) | 13 (10%) | |
| Core-based statistical area, no. (%) | 0.02 | ||||
| Division (>2.5 million) | 174 (40%) | 48 (37%) | 64 (37%) | 62 (49%) | |
| Metropolitan (50,000–2.5 million) | 221 (51%) | 66 (51%) | 96 (55%) | 59 (46%) | |
| Micro (10,000–50,000) | 30 (7%) | 16 (12%) | 9 (5%) | 5 (4%) | |
| Rural (<10,000) | 5 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Ownership | <.001 | ||||
| Government | 33 (8%) | 8 (6%) | 13 (8%) | 12 (9%) | |
| Nonprofit | 315 (73%) | 83 (64%) | 126 (73%) | 106 (83%) | |
| For profit | 82 (19%) | 39 (30%) | 34 (20%) | 9 (7%) | |
SOURCE: Authors’ tabulation of data from Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS), available on the Hospital Compare Web site (October 2006–June 2007); and nurse survey data, 2006–2007.
NOTES: Percentages might not add to 100 because of rounding. p values generated from analysis of variance for staffing variable and from chi-square for categorical variables, except for the core-based statistical area variable, where Fisher’s exact test was used for cell counts of less than 5.