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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar 9;20(3):139–145. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.12.001

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Phthalates affect (a) fetal Leydig cell (FLC) lineage and (b) adult Leydig cell (ALC) lineage after in utero exposures, causing testicular dysgenesis syndrome. FLC, fetal Leydig cell; INSL3, insulin-like growth factor 3; GC, germ cell; ↓ = decrease or inhibition; ↑ = increase or stimulation.