Table 1.

Group Characteristics

CHARACTERISTIC	GROUP
	Females				Males
	Black		White		Black		White
	<80 Years	≥80 Years	<80 Years	≥80 Years	<80 Years	≥80 Years	<80 Years	≥80 Years
Number of Participants	56	18	125	122	33	15	80	100
Mean Age (1 SD)	75.9 (2.22)	83.2 (3.17)	77.4 (1.52)	83.4 (2.88)	75.8 (2.66)	83.5 (2.71)	77.4 (1.65)	83.9 (3.51)
Mean Years of Education (1 SD)	12.6 (3.06)	12.0 (2.74)	14.1 (3.06)	13.7 (2.79)	12.0 (3.45)	14.1 (3.60)	15.3 (3.16)	14.8 (3.31)
Income Category
Under $5000	3.6%	0.0%	0.9%	3.6%	3.3%	0.0%	1.4%	0.0%
$5000–$7,999	25.5%	50.0%	2.7%	5.4%	10.0%	15.4%	1.4%	1.0%
$8,000–$11,999	16.4%	12.5%	9.1%	9.8%	26.7%	7.7%	1.4%	4.1%
$12,000–$15,999	21.8%	12.5%	13.6%	22.3%	26.7%	23.1%	8.2%	12.4%
$16,000–$15,000	14.5%	18.8%	13.6%	16.1%	16.7%	7.7%	19.2%	14.4%
$25,000–$34,999	10.9%	6.3%	14.5%	13.4%	10.0%	0.0%	11.0%	10.3%
$35,000–$49,999	1.8%	0.0%	10.9%	8.0%	0.0%	15.4%	15.1%	15.5%
Over $50,000	5.5%	0.0%	34.5%	21.4%	6.7%	30.8%	42.5%	42.3%
History of CVD1
No CVD	40.1%	11.1%	48.0%	34.9%	33.3%	25.0%	39.2%	25.5%
Subclinical CVD	33.3%	38.9%	38.6%	45.2%	48.5%	43.8%	38.0%	37.3%
Clinical CVD	26.3%	50.0%	13.4%	19.8%	18.2%	31.3%	22.8%	37.3%
History of Smoking	56.1%	50.0%	59.8%	53.2%	75.8%	50.0%	58.2%	63.7%
Self-reported Hearing Problem2	17.9%	17.6%	18.4%	27.9%	18.2%	40.0%	24.1%	48.0%
Reported Using a Hearing Aid	1.8%	5.6%	12.4%	25.6%	15%	26.6%	15.4%	21.0%

¹Note. Clinical and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) as defined by Arnold et al. (2005) and Kuller et al. (2006).

²Self-reported a current hearing problem per Gates et al. (2003).

The <80 years group included the 72–79 years age range, while the ≥80 years group included the 80–96 years age range.