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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2009 May 22;21(10):1488–1494. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.05.007

Fig. 5. A working model for MEKK3 function in the LPA-induced IKK-NF-κB activation.

Fig. 5

LPA induces PKC activation which in turn induces β-arrestin 2 and CARMA3-mediated ubiquitination of IKK complex via TRAF6/Bcl10/MALT1, as well as MEKK3-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation. IKK complex ubiquitination and phosphorylation coordinatively lead to optimal NF-κB activation.