Table 6. Penalized Likelihood (bootstrapping of 100 trees) molecular clock estimates of ages for constrained and unconstrained nodes.

Node	Mean age (Ma)	SD (Ma)	Maximum age (Ma)	Minimum age (Ma)
A (11)	9.65	2.21	11.00	0.58
B (5.3)	4.87	1.10	5.30	0.21
1	2.11	0.87	4.93	0.14
2	1.01	0.31	1.99	0.06
3	1.78	0.45	2.74	0.12
4	1.25	0.32	1.80	0.07
5	0.53	0.15	0.83	0.03
6	0.30	0.09	0.49	0.02
7	0.15	0.06	0.33	0.006
8	1.56	0.38	2.32	0.09
9	0.80	0.21	1.17	0.05
10	0.52	0.14	0.78	0.03
11	0.19	0.07	0.33	0.01
12	0.04	0.02	0.13	0.002
13	0.05	0.06	0.21	0.000
14	0.04	0.02	0.13	0.003
15	1.47	0.35	2.09	0.08
16	1.04	0.25	1.41	0.06
17	0.23	0.09	0.43	0.01
18	0.09	0.04	0.20	0.003
19	0.88	0.22	1.22	0.06
20	0.82	0.20	1.13	0.05
21	0.72	0.18	0.97	0.04
22	0.17	0.06	0.34	0.009
23	0.04	0.02	0.11	0.0003
24	0.65	0.16	0.89	0.04
25	0.45	0.12	0.71	0.02
26	0.06	0.04	0.21	0.002
27	0.61	0.23	0.91	0.00
28	0.31	0.23	0.67	0.00
29	0.28	0.28	0.71	0.00

Nodes A and B are assigned a maximum age (indicate in parentheses) as derived from palynological studies [66], [67]. Letters and numeric codes for each node of the phylogeny of Cistaceae correspond to those shown in Fig. 4. Ma = million years ago; SD = Standard deviation.