Human studies |
Brouard et al. [49] |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 |
cDNA |
Lymphocyte |
TOL, AR, CAN, stable, MIS |
AKR1C1, AREG, BRRN1, C1S, CCL20, CDC2, CDH2, CHEK1, DHRS2, DEPDC1, ELF3, HBB, IGFBP3, LTB4DH, MS4A1, MTHFD2, PARVG, PLXNB1, PODXL, PPAP2C, RAB30, RASGRP1, RBM9, RHOH, SLC29A, SMILE, SOX3, SPON1, TK1 and TLE4 |
Li et al. [44] |
Physiol Genomics 2007 |
U133plus GeneChip |
Blood |
STA, AR |
Globin genes onfounders in biomarker discovery from PAX gene samples for AR |
Nagarajan et al. [89] |
Clin Transplant 2007 |
cDNA |
Peripheral blood |
HTN, RVA, EPO |
Hemoglobin zeta, G2, E1, CTGF, PLA2 G2A, PDGF-A, VEGF, CDH5, GDF1, TIE, TBRG1, EPS8, FIBP, EPOR, TFRC, STAT5, Jak2 and CLK1 |
Park et al. [90] |
Transplantation 2007 |
U133A 2.0 GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy |
Fibrotic |
STAT1, STAT2, proteasome subunit [beta]-type-8, Col1A1, FN1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit-3, VCAM1, GRZMA, GBP1, IER3, HLA-DRbeta, IL-10, TGFB, IFNG, IL-6 and FoxP3 |
Mas et al. [91] |
Transplantation 2007 |
U133A 2.0 GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy, peripheral blood, urine |
CAN |
TGF-beta, laminin, gamma 2, metalloproteinases-9, collagen type IX alpha 3, immunoglobulins, cytokine, chemokines receptors, EGFR, FGFR2, AGT, EGFR and TGFB |
Morgun et al. [47] |
Circ Res 2006 |
Oligonucleotide |
Heart biopsy, kidney and lung |
AR, infection |
CCL18, TRB, LTB, ITGB2, HA-1, CORO1A, IGKC, RARRES3, CCL5, HLADRB3, STAT1, C1QA, GMFG, CD74, CD14, PSCD4, BTN3A3, HLA-F and UBE2L6 |
Hotchkiss et al. [55] |
Transplantation 2006 |
U133A GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy |
CAN |
TGF-B, thrombospondin 1, PDGF, integrins, MMP7, C4B, properdin, VCAM1, Annexins, VEGF, EGF and FGF |
Kurian et al. [54] |
Transplantation 2005 |
U133A GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy |
LDN |
HIF1a, HIF1B, TNF, TNFR, TGF-B, FGF, integrins, MMP, elastin, GHRH and VEGF |
Eikmans et al. [53] |
J Am Soc Nephrol 2005 |
HG U95Av2 GeneChip |
Kidney cortex |
CAN |
Surfactant protein-C (SP-C), S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), S100A9 and immuno-globulin genes |
Melk et al. [62] |
Kidney Int 2005 |
cDNA |
Kidney cortex |
Renal aging |
NADH dehydrogenase, APO, kynureninase PAH, dynein, CLDN8, MMP7, fibulin, tenascin, CSPG2, SERPINA3, immunoglobulins, somatostatin receptor, THY1, natriuretic peptide receptor and SLC solute transporter family |
Zhang et al. [92] |
Clin Transplant 2004 |
HG U95Av2 GeneChip |
Lymphocyte |
Stable transplant |
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1, SH3 binding protein, MEA6, TOB family 4, RBP2, IL-1A, Argininosuccinate synthetase, Brain and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NSG-x, hVH-5 and Eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein |
Mansfield et al. [14] |
Am J Transplant 2004 |
cDNA |
Kidney biopsy |
AR sub-types |
MIP-1, CCR5, CX3CR1, DARC, SCYB10, SCYA5,SCYA3, SCYA13, SCYA2, IL2RB, IL6R, IL16, 1L15R, DEFA1, DEFB1, SCYA2, SCYA5, MST1, STAT1, STAT6, CD69, MAL, NFATC3, Annexins, CASP10, PECAM1 and VCAM1 |
Hauser et al. [37] |
Lab Invest 2004 |
cDNA |
Kidney biopsy |
Donor source |
Complements, LTF, NK4, VCAM1, interleukins, HLA, BCL6, GPX2,FBP1, PCK2, SORD, APOA4, CYP3A7, FABP1, APOM, CYP3A4, HIF1A, STAT1,TIMP1, ADAMTS1, TNFSF10 and CDC25B |
Kainz et al. [93] |
Am J Transplant 2004 |
cDNA |
Kidney biopsy |
Donor source |
Osteopontin, SOD2, RARRES1, chemokine ligand 1, antileukoproteinase, STAT1, CDH6, SPP1, SERPINA3 and GPX2 |
Flechner et al. [56] |
Am J Transplant 2004 (a) |
Oligonucleotide |
Kidney biopsy |
CAN, drug effect |
TGFB, TNFA, PDGF, ICAM, VCAM1, integrin B, MCP-1, CCR2, MPI-3B, MHC, MMP, TIMP1, RANTES, VEGF, collagen III, Angiotensin II receptor, TSP and FN1 |
Flechner et al. [94] |
Am J Transplant 2004 (b) |
HG U95Av2 GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy, peripheral blood |
AR |
AIF, CD14, CD163, CD2, CD3D, CD48, CD53, chemokines, interleukins, C1q, immunoglobulins, INFG, TCR TNF, and HLA |
Donauer et al. [57] |
Transplantation 2003 |
cDNA array |
|
CAN |
AQP2, AQP3, lipoprotein lipase, PML-2, Napsin 1, precursor, Flotillin-1, Type IV collagenase, Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor, RIG-like 7–1, MECI-1, PGER, TEM8, MHC class I, C1s and immunoglobulins |
Higgins et al. [76] |
Mol Biol Cell 2004 |
cDNA |
Cortex, medulla, papillary tips, |
Normal |
Identify patterns of gene expression in discrete portions of the normal kidney |
Sarwal et al. [1] |
N Engl J Med 2003 |
cDNA |
Kidney biopsy, pediatrics |
AR, CAN, DT and infection |
TCR, HLA class II, HLA class I, immunoglobulins, lactotransferrin, chemokines, CD20, CD34, IGF1R, TNFR, MST1, NK4, duffy antigen/chemokine, receptor, STAT1, TGFR1, granzyme A, perforin, IL2R, CD53, lymphotoxin, lymphotoxin R, NFKB1, CD59, IFNGR1 and annexins |
Scherer et al. [58] |
Transplantation 2003 |
HG U95Av2 GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy |
CAN |
Keratin tumor suppressor candidate 7, OS9(APRIL), G-protein gamma7, protein/cell adhesion molecule-like, GRB2-associated binding protein 1, and PRLR |
Chua et al. [95] |
Am J Transplant 2003 |
cDNA |
Kidney biopsy |
AR/anemia |
Hb-zeta, Hb-beta, Hb-alpha2, FOLR2, FOLR3, CAH1, immunoglobulins, GPX1, and lactotransferrin |
Zhang et al. [96] |
Transplant Proc 2002 |
Oligonucleotide |
Lymphocyte |
Stable transplant |
CD80, interleukins, CD44, CD40L, CD40, VLA-5, LFA-1, TCR alpha, Lck, calcineurin, PKC, IFNG, LFA-1, TCR alpha, Lck, calcineurin, PKC, IFNG, TGFB, TNF-alpha, TNFR1, G-CSFR and PDGF receptor, |
Akalin et al. [97] |
Transplantation 2001 |
Hu6800 GeneChip |
Kidney biopsy |
AR |
HuMig, TCR RING4, ISGF-3, CD18 |
Animal studies |
Kusaka et al. [98] |
Transplantation 2007 |
Agilent rat oligonucleotide array G4130A |
Kidney allografts, T lymphocytes |
Brain death donor |
Gro1, IP-10, p53, NF kappa B, Myc, Jun, c-fos, LCN2 and SPP1 |
Berthier et al. [99] |
Kidney Int 2006 |
230 A GeneChip |
Kidney allografts |
CAN |
MMP-11,-12,-14, ADAM-17, TIMP-1,-2 TGF-B, MMP-9, meprin and MMP-24 |
Djamali et al. [100] |
Transplantation 2005 |
mouse stress toxicity GEArray |
Kidney allografts |
CAN |
ANXA5, CASP1, CASP8, TNFRII, TRAIL, FASL, BAX, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome p450 4A, [alpha]-crystalline B, heme-oxygenase II, SOD, HSP60, HSP27, BCL-X and metallothionein |
Schuurs et al. [101] |
Am J Transplant 2004 |
Oligonucleotide |
Kidney allografts |
HTN brain death |
Water channel AQP-2, selectins, IL-6, oc-B-fibrinogen, KIM-1, HO-1, Hsp70, MnSOD2, ATF-3, EGR-1 and PIK3R1 |
Einecke et al. [43] |
Am J Transplant 2007 |
Oligonucleotide |
Mouse kidney |
Rejection |
SLC2a2, SLC1a1 |
Leonard et al. [102] |
FASEB J 2006 |
HG U95Av2 GeneChip, murine U77A |
Mouse kidney, human proximal tubular epithelial cells |
Ischemia reperfusion injury |
In mouse model: ALDH1A1, ALDH1A7, GSTM5, GSTA2, GSTP1, NQO1 and Nrf2. In human: Nrf2 is up-regulated on reoxygenation |
Famulski et al. [60] |
Am J Transplant 2006 |
Oligonucleotide |
Mouse kidney |
AR |
Define IFNG-dependent, rejection-induced transcripts (GRITs) in mouse kidney allografts. IFNG inducible: CXCl9, UBD and MHC |
Einecke et al. [43] |
Am J Transplant 2007 |
Oligonucleotide |
Kidney allografts, T lymphocytes |
Rejection |
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated transcripts (CATs): CD2, CD3g, GZMB, TCRB, MES |