Table II.
GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1 and NAT1 genotypes and NAT2 and CYP1A2 phenotypes in relation to risk of bladder cancer among non-Hispanic whites, The Los Angeles Bladder Cancer Study
| Genotypes/phenotypes | Bladder cancer patientsa | Control subjectsa | Multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI)b |
| GSTM1 | |||
| Non-null (0) | 275 | 351 | 1.00 |
| Null (1) | 387 | 335 | 1.58 (1.25–1.99) |
| GSTT1 | |||
| Non-null (0) | 518 | 556 | 1.00 |
| Null (1) | 140 | 124 | 1.24 (0.93–1.66) |
| GSTP1 | |||
| AA | 301 | 284 | 1.00 |
| AB | 274 | 327 | 0.83 (0.64–1.06) |
| BB | 82 | 73 | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) |
| AA or AB (0) | 575 | 611 | 1.00 |
| BB (1) | 82 | 73 | 1.12 (0.78–1.61) |
| Summed GST index | |||
| 0 | 195 | 262 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 324 | 306 | 1.52 (1.16–1.97) |
| 2–3 | 136 | 107 | 1.80 (1.28–2.53) |
| P trend | 0.002 | ||
| NAT1 | |||
| Non-NAT1*10 | 434 | 434 | 1.00 |
| NAT1*10 | 215 | 243 | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) |
| NAT2 phenotypec | |||
| Rapid acetylators | 271 | 291 | 1.00 |
| Slow acetylators | 364 | 315 | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) |
| CYP1A2 indexc | |||
| Low | 314 | 301 | 1.00 |
| High | 321 | 305 | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) |
The following subjects with missing information on genotypes or phenotypes were excluded from the relevant analysis: GSTM1 on 4 control subjects, GSTT1 on 4 case patients and 10 control subjects, GSTP1 on 5 case patients and 6 control subjects, summed GST index on 7 case patients and 15 controls, NAT1 on 18 case patients and 22 controls and NAT2 and CYP1A2 on 8 case patients and 3 controls.
ORs were derived from unconditional logistic regression models that included the following covariates: age (years), gender, level of education (high school or below, 1–4 years of college, graduate school or above), currently smoking (no, yes), number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of years of smoking, total number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pills used over lifetime (non-user, <1441 and 1441+), ever use of permanent hair dye (no, yes), ever held a high-risk job (no, yes) and 4-ABP–Hb adducts in tertile (a separate category was created for 65 cases and 53 controls with missing values who were included the multivariate analysis).
See the Materials and Methods section for the definitions for the rapid/slow acetylators as well as for the low/high CYP1A2 index.