Table 2.

Factors associated with spot urine protein to creatinine ratios (P/Cr) ≥0.2 and ≥1.0 [odds ratios (95% CI)] and P/Cr as a continuous variable.

Characteristic	P/Cr ≥0.2	P-value	P/Cr ≥1.0	P-Value	P-value for continuous P/Cr
History of diabetes mellitus	1.71 (1.25, 2.35)	0.001	2.06 (1.13, 3.75)	0.03	0.004
Hepatitis C	1.59 (1.26, 2.00)	<0.001	1.99 (126, 3.17)	0.02	<0.001
GFR^a (every 10 mL/min/1.73m²)	0.92 (0.89, 0.95)	<0.001	0.77 (0.69, 0.85)	<0.001	0.008
CD4^a count (every 100 cells/µL)	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	<0.001	0.92 (0.87, 0.98)	0.009	<0.001
History of hypertension	1.37 (1.10, 1.72)	0.009	1.37 (0.86, 2.18)	0.22	0.02
Prior antiretroviral therapy	1.46 (1.24, 1.74)	<0.001	1.28 (0.86, 1.91)	0.22	<0.001
Female sex	1.26 (1.03, 1.56)	0.03	0.97 (0.63, 1.50)	0.91	0.04
HIV-1 RNA^a,^b < 400 copies/mL	0.82 (0.70, 0.95)	0.01	0.89 (0.65, 1.23)	0.50	0.08
Age (every 10 years)	1.21 (1.10, 1.33)	<0.001	0.94 (0.78, 1.15)	0.59	<0.001
Current tenofovir use	1.20 (0.98, 1.47)	0.08	1.19 (0.80, 1.78)	0.41	0.06
Non-Hispanic Black	1.04 (0.89, 1.25)	0.66	1.66 (1.12, 2.45)	0.02	0.38
Non-HDL-C^a (every 10 mg/dL)	1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	0.35	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	0.03	0.76
Duration of follow-up (weeks)	1.05 (.99, 1.11)	0.10	1.06 (0.92, 1.21)	0.40	0.02

NOTE. Non-HDL-C, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (total cholesterol minus high density lipoprotein cholesterol); GFR, glomerular filtration rate estimated using the simplified MDRD equation.

Measured concurrently with urine protein to creatinine (P/Cr) ratios.

HIV-1 RNA became a significant correlate of P/Cr (P=0.002) in the continuous model for proteinuria, when viral load was defined as log₁₀ copies/mL and all other variables identical.