Table 2.
Means, standard deviations and difference-of-means testa of variables measuring individual attributes and demographic characteristics in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon, 1990–1999, according to gender and out-migration destination
| Variable | Rural out-migrants |
Urban out-migrants |
No-out-migrants |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female mean (S.D.) | Male mean (S.D.) | Female mean (S.D.) | Male mean (S.D.) | Female mean (S.D.) | Male mean (S.D.) | |
| Age | 20.16 (8.15) | 23.35*** (8.91) | 18.52 (5.84) | 21.35*** (6.87) | 30.48 (13.66) | 29.49*** (14.08) |
| Number of persons in the household | 8.90 (5.02) | 9.35* (5.01) | 7.53 (2.88) | 7.35 (2.70) | 8.13 (4.45) | 7.72*** (4.22) |
| Engagement in farm work (1=engaged, 0=not engaged) | 0.56 (0.50) | 0.92*** (0.28) | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.83*** (0.38) | 0.56 (0.50) | 0.82*** (0.38) |
| Household’s head education (1=at least some secondary) | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.38** (0.48) | 0.29 (0.46) | 0.38** (0.49) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.41 (0.49) |
| Number of previous out-migrants in the household | 1.94 (2.56) | 1.98 (2.34) | 1.99 (2.46) | 2.30* (2.51) | 1.52 (2.17) | 1.67*** (2.25) |
a
Difference-of-means test (Cochran method) between males and females are showed in the column with results for males.
*
p<0.10 (two-tailed test).
**
p<0.05 (two-tailed test).
***
p<0.01 (two-tailed test).