Table 1.
Plant material used in this study
| Origin* | Sample size | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Austria, Steiermark (C) | 5 | |
| Denmark, Jutland (N) | 6 | Two localities (three individuals from each) |
| Estonia, Muhu (C) | 1 | |
| France, SE (W) | 3 | |
| Italy, Dolomites (C) | 1 | |
| Poland, West (C) | 4 | |
| Poland, North East (C) | 2 | |
| Spain, Pyrenees (W) | 9 | |
| Sweden, Dalarna (N) | 37 | 10 localities |
| Sweden, Jämtland (N) | 3 | |
| Switzerland, Canton Bern (C) | 6 | |
| UK, England (W) | 7 | Wild site (two shoots were both sampled)† plus five plants in semi-natural sites or cultivation |
Sample size refers to the number of individuals for which haplotype data were collected. Due to small sample sizes, for statistical analyses Austria and Italy were combined as ‘Eastern Alps’ and Estonia and Poland were combined as ‘Poland/Estonia’.
* C, N and W stand for Central, Northern and Western Europe, as used in the text.
† At the wild site, the remaining plant had two main shoots. Both of these were sampled to investigate the possibility that there might be two plants. No genetic differences were detected, and we assume that it is actually one genet.