Table 3.

Associations (Mixed-Models Analyses) Between Hostility Levels and Body Mass Index Trajectories From Phase 1 (1985–1988) to Phase 7 (2002–2004) of the Whitehall II Study, United Kingdom

	Men			Women
	β	SE	P Value	β	SE	P Value
Model 1a	(n = 4,494)			(n = 1,990)
Time, per year	0.113	0.006	<0.001	0.151	0.010	<0.001
Quartile of hostility level
Highest	0.731	0.146	<0.001	1.326	0.306	<0.001
Middle highest	0.220	0.139	0.115	0.552	0.290	0.057
Middle lowest	0.132	0.141	0.352	−0.100	0.293	0.732
Lowestb	0			0
P for linear contrast			<0.001			<0.001
Time × quartile of hostility level
Highest	0.016	0.007	0.023	0.006	0.014	0.709
Middle highest	0.012	0.006	0.052	0.016	0.014	0.238
Middle lowest	0.005	0.007	0.424	0.008	0.014	0.547
Lowestb	0			0
P for linear contrast			0.011			0.562
Model 2c	(n = 4,374)d			(n = 1,924)d
Time, per year	0.174	0.391	<0.001	0.133	0.028	<0.001
Quartile of hostility level
Highest	0.555	0.124	<0.001	0.333	0.255	0.191
Middle highest	0.212	0.116	0.068	0.240	0.232	0.302
Middle lowest	0.139	0.117	0.233	−0.137	0.235	0.559
Lowestb	0			0
P for linear contrast			<0.001			0.055
Time × quartile of hostility level
Highest	0.014	0.007	0.043	0.010	0.016	0.525
Middle highest	0.010	0.006	0.125	0.011	0.013	0.478
Middle lowest	0.006	0.006	0.309	0.009	0.013	0.491
Lowestb	0			0
P for linear contrast			0.041			0.696

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

^aResults were adjusted for time, quartile of hostility level, and time × quartile of hostility level.

^bReference category.

^cIn addition to the factors listed above for model 1, results were adjusted for age, time × age, socioeconomic status, time × socioeconomic status (not in men), ethnicity, time × ethnicity, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)²) at age 25 years, and time × body mass index at age 25 years.

^dNumbers should be similar to those of Table 2. They are slightly higher because marital status was not included as a covariate (P > 0.05 in Table 2).