. 2009 Jan 16;19(2):198–205. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckn141

Table 2.

Summary of GEE model results for smokers and nonsmokers

Outcome	Smokers			Nonsmokers
	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Observed people smoking in pubs—for those who visit pubs at least once a month
Pre-law: Scotland vs. UK	1.7600	0.86–3.6	0.12	0.75	0.40–1.4	0.38
Post-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.0024	0.00090–0.0064	<0.0001	0.0074	0.0027–0.021	<0.0001
	0.12^a; 0.0099^b; <0.00010^c			0.38^a; 0.0017^b; <0.00010^c
Observed people smoking in a restaurant or café—for those who visit restaurants or cafe at least once a month
Pre-law: Scotland vs. UK	1.1	0.80–1.6	0.51	1.95	0.92–4.1	0.083
Post-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.0057	0.0017–0.0190	<0.0001	0.024	0.0054–0.10	<0.0001
	0.51^a; 0.29^b; <0.00010^c			0.083^a; 0.0030^b; <0.00010^c
Observed smoking indoor at work—for those employed outside the home
Pre-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.82	0.55–1.2	0.32	1.34	0.69–2.6	0.38
Post-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.16	0.089–0.29	<0.0001	0.86	0.34–2.2	0.76
	0.32^a; 0.15^b; <0.00010^c			0.38^a; 0.022^b; 0.45^c
Never allow smoking in their home
Pre-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.43	0.29–0.64	<0.0001	0.67	0.43–1.0	0.071
Post-law: Scotland vs. UK	0.51	0.34–0.77	0.0012	0.65	0.42–1.0	0.057
	<0.00010^a; 0.24^b; 0.50^c			0.071^a; 0.41^b; 0.94^c
Percent of cigarettes smoked in home
Pre-law: Scotland vs. UK	1.1	1.0–1.1	0.00090
Post-law: Scotland vs. UK	1.1	1.1–1.1	0.0019
	0.00090^a; 0.053^b; 0.93^c

a: P-value for overall 1 d.f. test for country (UK vs. Scotland)

b: P-value for overall 1 d.f. test for wave (pre- vs. post-law)

c: P-value for 1 d.f. test for country × wave interaction. This is the key term of interest to assess the association with the Scottish smokefree law with the change in outcomes examined