Table 3.
Change from baseline in cognitive performance over course of 6 months of treatment
| Change at month 1 | Change at month 3 | Change at month 6 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoflavone | Placebo | Isoflavone | Placebo | Isoflavone | Placebo | Adjusted P-value* | |
| Verbal and visuospatial memory | |||||||
| Buschke Selective Reminding Test | |||||||
| Total of learning trials-words | 1.2 (9.1) | −0.5 (4.3) | 1.9 (9.0) | 1.4 (4.7) | 3.1 (7.9) | 1.4 (9.3) | 0.42 |
| Learning slope-trial 5 vs. trial 1 | 0.8 (2.2) | −0.2 (2.1) | −0.3 (1.1) | 1.1 (2.3) | −0.3 (2.4) | 0.1 (1.8) | 0.73 |
| Delayed recall-words | 0.9 (2.3) | −0.0 (1.5) | 0.7 (2.1) | 0.1 (1.3) | 0.9 (2.0) | −0.2 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Paragraph Recall Test | |||||||
| Total immediate recall-points | 0.4 (15.6) | −3.0 (12.0) | 0.9 (9.8) | −0.2 (13.7) | 1.3 (14.0) | −1.1 (10.9) | 0.51 |
| Total delayed recall-points | −3.0 (15.3) | −4.0 (9.2) | −0.9 (10.0) | 3.1 (10.5) | −0.4 (14.0) | −2.0 (10.7) | 0.33 |
| Rey Complex Figure Test | |||||||
| Immediate recall-points | 3.9 (4.9) | −2.8 (6.1) | 0.9 (4.3) | −0.5 (5.5) | 2.1 (6.5) | −1.3 (5.3) | 0.00 |
| Delayed recall-points | 2.4 (4.4) | −3.1 (4.8) | 0.7 (4.9) | 0.4 (5.0) | 1.1 (5.8) | −0.1 (5.3) | 0.00 |
| Visual Spatial Learning Test | |||||||
| Total correct positions + designs | −2.5 (4.8) | 3.1 (7.4) | −0.1 (5.7) | 2.7 (7.7) | −1.0 (5.5) | 1.1 (5.2) | 0.04 |
| Learning slope position + design (trial 5 vs. trial 1) | −0.4 (2.0) | 0.6 (2.7) | −0.4 (2.5) | 0.5 (2.5) | 0.1 (1.4) | −0.3 (2.3) | 0.01 |
| Learning slope incorrect designsa (trial 5 vs. trial 1) | 0.1 (1.6) | 0.1 (1.2) | −0.6 (1.6) | 0.30 (1.9) | −0.8 (1.8) | 0.5 (2.1) | 0.00 |
| Language | |||||||
| Boston Naming (10-item version) | |||||||
| Number correct | −0.4 (4.2) | 0.0 (7.2) | 0.0 (5.6) | 0.8 (5.0) | −0.4 (4.8) | 1.6 (4.8) | 1.00 |
| Language fluency | |||||||
| Fluency | |||||||
| Letter fluency-total | 0.9 (7.9) | −0.4 (7.3) | 0.3 (7.3) | 1.3 (6.4) | 1.1 (9.7) | 3.3 (6.2) | 0.07 |
| Category fluency-total | 0.6 (6.0) | 1.3 (9.2) | 3.2 (5.9) | −0.2 (7.8) | 1.4 (5.8) | −1.9 (5.8) | 0.00 |
| Visual-motor function | |||||||
| Rey Complex Figure Test | |||||||
| Copy-points | 2.3 (3.4) | −1.0 (5.1) | 0.1 (2.6) | 0.3 (4.1) | 0.8 (3.6) | −0.6 (4.9) | 0.01 |
| Grooved Pegboard | |||||||
| Ratio of dominant to non-dominant nand-timea | −0.16 (0.5) | −0.03 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.5) | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.23 (0.5) | −0.02 (0.1) | 0.04 |
| Executive function | |||||||
| Stroop Color Word Test | |||||||
| Color word timea | 0.3 (5.0) | 0.4 (7.2) | −2.1 (5.8) | −3.0 (7.9) | −2.1 (6.5) | −3.5 (5.1) | 0.02 |
| Trail Making Test B | |||||||
| Time to completea | −5.4 (22.4) | 10.2 (13.6) | 5.6 (24.9) | 2.9 (15.0) | −1.2 (18.5) | −5.8 (18.7) | 0.01 |
| Mazes | |||||||
| Time to completea | −21.6 (44.8) | −11.7 (46.1) | −22.1 (59.2) | −15.5 (44.0) | −23.1 (50.6) | −19.3 (48.6) | 0.09 |
aNegative value suggests improvement.
*P-values for treatment effect across time were adjusted for age and education.