Fig. 1.

Immunofluorescence staining of collagen IV α3, α5 chains on fresh frozen renal sections of controls, Alport syndrome patients and haematuria patients (IF, ×400). A, B: The staining of type IV collagen α3 and α5 chains on renal sections from controls. C, D: Type IV collagen α3 and α5 chains on sections from X-linked male Alport syndrome. E, F: Type IV collagen α3 and α5 chains on renal sections of X-linked female Alport syndrome. G, H: Type IV collagen α3 and α5 chains on renal sections of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. I, J: The staining patterns of type IV collagen α chains on renal sections of haematuria patients.