Table 1.
Participant characteristics and univariate differences between smokers and nonsmokers
| Characteristics | All participants (N = 160) |
Smoking participants (n = 86) |
Nonsmoking participants (n = 74) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | ||
| Age (years) | M = 34.7 | M = 30.8 | M = 39.2 | < .001 |
| SD = 14.92 | SD = 11.59 | SD = 17.01 | ||
| Gender | ns | |||
| % Female | 36.9 | 26.7 | 48.6 | |
| % Male | 63.1 | 73.3 | 51.4 | |
| Marital status | ns | |||
| % Single | 51.9 | 60.5 | 41.9 | |
| % Living with someone | 5.6 | 7.0 | 4.1 | |
| % Married | 24.4 | 17.4 | 32.4 | |
| % Divorced | 11.9 | 9.3 | 14.9 | |
| % Separated | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | |
| % Widowed | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.7 | |
| Educational status | < .001 | |||
| % Less than high school | 6.3 | 11.6 | 0 | |
| % High school or equivalent | 32.5 | 41.9 | 21.6 | |
| % Some college | 32.5 | 24.4 | 41.9 | |
| % Vocational school/Associate's Degree | 11.3 | 15.1 | 6.8 | |
| % College graduate | 14.4 | 4.7 | 25.7 | |
| % Some post graduate training | 3.1 | 2.3 | 4.1 | |
| Age of tobacco initiation | ||||
| In years | M = 15.5 | M = 14.4 | M = 17.5 | < .001 |
| SD = 4.32 | SD = 2.89 | SD = 5.81 | ||
| Smoking status | < .001 | |||
| % Daily smoker | 35.3 | 66.7 | 0 | |
| %Weekly smoker | 13.1 | 24.7 | 0 | |
| % Monthly smoker | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.2 | |
| % Experimental smoker | 17.0 | 0 | 36.1 | |
| % Quitter | 8.5 | 3.7 | 13.9 | |
| % Never smoked | 222.2 | 1.2 | 45.8 | |
| Carbon monoxide | ||||
| Exhaled CO (ppm) | N/A | M = 8.03 | M = 2.27 | < .001 |
| SD = 8.40 | SD = 2.89 | |||
| Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence | ||||
| Total score | N/A | M = 3.36 | M = 1.50 | ns |
| SD = 2.52 | SD = 1.76 | |||
| SASH | M = 3.3 | M = 3.2 | M = 3.35 | ns |
| SD = .62 | SD = .65 | SD = .57 | ||
| Mental health | ||||
| % Have used MH services | 20.6 | 27.4 | 13.5 | ns |
| PRIME-MD | M = 6.9 | M = 7.99 | M = 5.72 | ns |
| SD = 6.21 | SD = 6.60 | SD = 5.50 | ||
| Drinks per week | M = 14.5 | M = 22.9 | M = 6.14 | < .001 |
| SD = 19.47 | SD = 26.33 | SD = 9.90 | ||
| Ever used drugs | ||||
| % Have used drugs | 58.8 | 69.8 | 45.9 | ns |
| Drug use (lifetime) | ||||
| % Marijuana | 51.8 | 68.8 | 40 | < .001 |
| % Cocaine | 25.6 | 39.2 | 14.1 | < .001 |
| % Crack | 10.6 | 19.5 | 1.4 | ns |
| % Speed | 15.6 | 20.2 | 11.1 | ns |
| % Barbiturates | 18.1 | 21.7 | 15.5 | ns |
| % Inhalants | 11.2 | 17.1 | 5.6 | ns |
| % Opiates | 12.4 | 15.7 | 9.9 | ns |
| % Other | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.8 | ns |
| Weight concern | ||||
| % Have weight concerns | 63.8 | 64.7 | 68.1 | ns |
| % Have cessation-related weight concern | N/A | 48.8 | N/A | |
| Weight | M = 179.7 | M = 178.6 | M = 180.9 | ns |
| SD = 42.38 | SD = 43.16 | SD = 41.72 | ||
| BMI | M = 29.0 | M = 28.6 | M = 29.4 | ns |
| SD = 6.40 | SD = 6.45 | SD = 3.67 | ||
| Fat percentage | M = 29.2 | M = 26.2 | M = 32.7 | ns |
| SD = 12.01 | SD = 11.58 | SD = 11.62 |