Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis*
| Matching factors |
||||||||||||||
| Study: first author, year (reference) | Design | Country or area | Mean age, y | Male (%) | No. of case subjects | No. of control subjects or subjects in cohort | Mutation site | Detection method | HBV genotype | Age | Sex | HBeAg status | Genotype | Quality score |
| Huy, 2003 (63) | PCC | 12 countries† | − | − | 49 | 338 | PreS1, PreS2 | S | A, B, C, D, E, F | − | − | − | − | 5–7 |
| Kim, 2008 (53) | PCC | Korea | − | − | 60 | 124 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A | S | C | − | − | − | + | 5–7 |
| Mun, 2008 (54) | PCC | Korea | − | − | 40 | 80 | PreS1, PreS2 | S | C2 | − | − | − | + | 5–7 |
| Sakamoto, 2006 (61)‡ | PCC | Japan, Philippines | 53.7 | 87 | 31 | 69 | C1653T, A1762T/G1764A, C1858T, G1862T, G1888H, G1809T, C1812T, G1896A | S | A, B, C | − | + | − | − | 5–7 |
| Yuan, 2007 (13)‡ | PCC | China | 49.5 | 91.2 | 34 | 207 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, T1856C, C1858T, G1896A, G1898A, G1899A | S | B, C | + | + | − | + | 5–7 |
| Zhang, 2006 (37) | PCC | China | − | − | 30 | 57 | A1762T/G1764A | H | ND | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Zhou, 2007 (39) | PCC | China | − | − | 36 | 78 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | H | ND | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Baptista, 1999 (59)‡ | PCC | South Africa | − | − | 59 | 52 | T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, G1809T, C1812T | S | ND | + | − | − | − | 5–7 |
| Blackberg, 2003 (62) | PCC | Sweden, others§ | 61 | 81.3 | 16 | 19 | T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A, PreS1, PreS2 | S | A, B, C, D | − | + | + | + | ≥8 |
| Chen, 2006 (45)‡ | PCC | Taiwan | 45.2 | 88.0 | 50 | 102 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A, PreS | INNO-LiPA | B, C | + | − | − | − | 5–7 |
| Choi, 2007 (51) | PCC | Korea | 51.9 | 80.6 | 72 | 228 | PreS1, PreS2 | S | C | − | − | + | + | 5–7 |
| Deng, 2004 (30) | ICC | China | − | − | 114 | 100 | A1762T/G1764A | PCR and ELISA | ND | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Ding, 2006 (31) | ICC | China | 47.5 | 87.5 | 40 | 40 | A1762T/G1764A | GC | B, C | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Fang, 2002 (32)‡ | PCC | China | − | − | 36 | 115 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | B, C | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Gao, 2007 (33) | PCC | China | 55.6 | 88.5 | 26 | 53 | PreS1, PreS2 | S | C | − | − | − | + | 5–7 |
| Ito, 2006 (60) | ICC | Japan, United States, Hong Kong | 50.7 | 90.0 | 40 | 80 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | ND | + | + | + | + | ≥8 |
| Laskus, 1998 (56) | ICC | Gambia | 45.4 | 85 | 27 | 33 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A, G1899A | S | ND | + | + | − | − | 5–7 |
| Lin, 2007 (16) | ICC | Taiwan | 55 | 89 | 64 | 202 | PreS | E | B, C | − | − | − | + | ≤4 |
| Liu, 2006 (17) | PCC | Taiwan | 54 | 61.9 | 200 | 160 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | INNO-LiPA | B, C | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Livingston, 2007 (22) | ICC | United States | 39.1 | 74 | 47 | 1129 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | INNO-LiPA | A, C, D, F | + | + | − | + | 5–7 |
| Muroyama, 2006 (41)‡ | PCC | Japan | 56.5 | 95 | 39 | 36 | C1485T, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | C | + | + | − | + | 5–7 |
| Mendy, 2008 (57) | PCC | Gambia | − | − | 138 | 89 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | OLA | ND | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Ni, 2003 (47) | ICC | Taiwan | 9.6 | 75 | 12 | 31 | G1896A | S | ND | + | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Shinkai, 2007 (42)‡ | PCC | Japan | 55 | 85.0 | 80 | 80 | C1653T, T1479C, C1485T, G1499H, G1613A, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | C2 | + | + | + | + | ≥8 |
| Song, 2005 (58) | PCC | Vietnam | 56 | 83.3 | 48 | 74 | A1762T/G1764A, G1766A, T1773C, C1858T | S | ND | − | + | − | − | ≤4 |
| Sugauchi, 2003 (43) | PCC | Japan | − | − | 24 | 136 | PreS1, PreS2 | S | B, C | + | + | + | − | 5–7 |
| Sung, 2008 (14) | ICC | Hong Kong | 51 | 80 | 100 | 100 | T31C, T53C, C1165T, A1499G, G1613A, A1762T/G1764A, G1899A, T2170C/G, T2441C, A/T2525C, T2712V | S | B, C1, C2 | + | + | − | − | 5–7 |
| Tanaka, 2006 (12) | PCC | Japan, Hong Kong | 50.2 | 78.0 | 148 | 180 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, T1765V, G1896A, G1899A | S | ND | + | + | + | − | ≥8 |
| Takahashi, 1999 (44)‡ | PCC | Japan | − | − | 58 | 271 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T, G1764A, A1762T/G1764A | S | C | + | − | − | + | 5–7 |
| Tong, 2007 (50) | ICC | United States | 53.3 | 83.2 | 101 | 110 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | A, B, C, D | − | − | − | − | 5–7 |
| Truong, 2007 (23) | PCC | Japan, Vietnam | 49.2 | 93.7 | 32 | 95 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, C1858T, G1896A | S | C | − | − | + | + | 5–7 |
| Wang, 2007 (35) | PCC | China | 49.8 | 89.4 | 47 | 164 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, 1856C/T, C1858T, G1896A, A1898G, G1899A | S | B2, C1, C2 | − | + | − | − | 5–7 |
| Yuen, 2008 (55) | ICC | Hong Kong | 57.5 | 80.2 | 248 | 248 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | B, C | + | + | + | − | ≥8 |
| Zhang, 2007 (38) | PCC | China | − | − | 27 | 72 | A1762T/G1764A | H | B, C, D | − | − | − | − | ≤4 |
| Cao, 2008 (29) | NCC | China | 42.1 | 95.7 | 47 | 50 | PreS1, PreS2 | RFLP and PAGE | ND | + | + | − | − | ≥8 |
| Chou, 2008 (46) | NCC | Taiwan | 56.2 | 100 | 154 | 316 | C1726A, T1727A, G1730C, T1753V, G1799C, A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | A, B, C | + | − | − | − | ≥8 |
| Guo, 2008 (34) | NCC | China | 41.9 | 95.8 | 58 | 71 | C1653T, T1753V, A1762T/G1764A, C1766T | S | B, C | + | + | − | − | ≥8 |
| Kao, 2003 (15) | NCC | Taiwan | 55 | 85 | 127 | 123 | A1752G/T, A1762T/G1764A, T1753V, C1773T/A, 1799G/C, G1896A | S | B, C | + | + | − | + | ≥8 |
| Zhang, 2007 (36) | NCC | China | − | − | 32 | 32 | A1762T/G1764A | S | ND | + | + | − | − | ≥8 |
| Zhu, 2008 (40) | NCC | China | − | − | 20 | 83 | C1726A, G1730C, A1752G, A1762T/G1764A | S | C | + | + | + | + | ≥8 |
| Tong, 2006 (49) | Cohort | United States | 57.4 | 90.3 | 31 | 369 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | A, B, C | − | − | + | + | ≥8 |
| Jang, 2007 (52) | Cohort | Korea | 47.2 | 50 | 6 | 23 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | C | − | − | + | − | 5–7 |
| Yang, 2008 (48) | Cohort | Taiwan | − | 57 | 153 | 2762 | A1762T/G1764A, G1896A | S | B, C | − | − | − | − | ≥8 |
*
HBV = hepatitis B virus; HBeAg = hepatitis B e antigen; PCC = prevalence case–control; − = data not available; S = sequencing; + = matched; H = hybridization; ND = genotype undetermined; INNO-LiPA = Innogenetics line probe assay; ICC = incidence case–control; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GC = gene chip; E = electrophoresis; OLA = oligonucleotide ligation assay; NCC = nested case–control; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism; PAGE = polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
†
Vietnam, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, Ghana, Russia, Spain, United States, and Bolivia.
‡
Combined mutation data were extracted from this reference.
§
Others = the former Yugoslavia, Turkey, the Middle East, Poland, Greece, New Zealand, and Asia.