Table 2.

Cause-specific mortalities in heart failure patients for serum magnesium ≤2 mEq/L

	Rate/10,000 person-years follow up** (events/follow-up in years)		Rate difference* (/10,000 person-years)	Matched hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) †	P value
	Serum magnesium >2 mEq/L (N = 560)	Serum magnesium ≤2 mEq/L (N = 560)
All-cause	915 (156/1704)	1034 (171/1653)	+ 119	1.23 (0.97–1.57)	0.089
Cardiovascular	646 (110/1704)	805 (133/1653)	+ 159	1.38 (1.04–1.83)	0.024
Worsening heart failure‡	252 (43/1704)	302 (50/1653)	+ 50	1.42 (0.90–2.25)	0.135
Other cardio-vascular§	393 (67/1704)	502 (83/1653)	+ 109	1.36 (0.95–1.94)	0.090
Non-cardio-vascular¶	164 (28/1704)	175 (29/1653)	+ 11	1.04 (0.60–1.82)	0.886
Unknown	106 (18/1704)	54 (9/1653)	− 52	0.62 (0.26–1.49)	0.280

^*Absolute rate differences were calculated by subtracting the rates of death in the low-magnesium group from the rates of death in the normal magnesium group (before values were rounded).

^†Hazard ratios and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from matched Cox proportional-hazards models.

^‡This category includes patients who died from worsening heart failure, even if the final event was an arrhythmia.

^§This category includes deaths presumed to result from arrhythmia without evidence of worsening heart failure and deaths due to atherosclerotic coronary disease, bradyarrhythmias, low-output states, and cardiac surgery.

^¶This category includes deaths due to stroke, embolism, peripheral vascular disease, vascular surgery, and carotid endarterectomy.

^**Total follow up period is same for all cause-specific mortalities as for all-cause mortality