Table 3.

Pre- and post-treatment measurements

	Controls	Transformers	Transformed
	(C)	(T)	post-entry (TP)
Pre-treatment
Interval (years)	12.6 ± 0.7	12.5 ± 1.2	12.2 ± 2.0
Stones (number/patient)	26.7 ± 7.9	35.7 ± 16.4	19.7 ± 5.5
ESWL (number/patient)	0.7 ± 0.2	2.0 ± 0.3***	1.7 ± 0.3***
Surgery (number/patient)	0.3 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1*	0.6 ± 0.2
Post-treatment
Interval (years)	7.7 ± 0.5	8.2 ± 0.9	8.9 ± 1.4
Stones (number/patient)	1.5 ± 0.7	1.0 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.5
ESWL (number/patient)	0.2 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1**	0.7 ± 0.2**
Surgery (number/patient)	0.02 ± 0.04	0.2 ± 0.07**	0.2 ± 0.07*

ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Mean ± SE.

^*P < 0.05 versus control, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001.

ESWL and surgery are adjusted for sex, interval and number of stones.