Table 3.
Cause-specific mortalities in heart failure patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
| Cause for mortality | Rate/10 000 person-years follow-up | Rate difference (per | Matched HR | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mortality/follow-up in years) | 10 000 person-years)a | (95% CI)b | |||
| No CKD (N = 2399) | CKD (N = 2399) | ||||
| All-causec | 1049 (757/7216) | 1282 (882/6877) | +233 | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | 809 (584/7216) | 1011 (695/6877) | +202 | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | 0.001 |
| Progressive heart failure | 334 (241/7216) | 452 (311/6877) | +118 | 1.42 (1.16–1.72) | 0.001 |
| Other cardiacd | 423 (305/7216) | 513 (353/6877) | +90 | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) | 0.044 |
| Other vasculare | 53 (38/7216) | 45 (31/6877) | −8 | 0.65 (0. 38–1.11) | 0.112 |
| Non-cardiac-non-vascular | 170 (123/7216) | 211 (145/6877) | +41 | 1.25 (0.95–1.66) | 0.117 |
| Unknown | 69 (50/7216) | 61 (42/6877) | −8 | 0.92 (0.58–1.46) | 0.722 |
aAbsolute rate differences were calculated by subtracting the rate hospitalization in the non-CKD group from the rate of hospitalization in the CKD group (before values were rounded).
bHazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from matched Cox proportional-hazards models that used the first hospitalization of each patient for each reason.
cBased on Ahmed A et al. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 393–398.
dThis category includes deaths presumed to result from arrhythmia without evidence of worsening heart failure and deaths due to atherosclerotic coronary disease, bradyarrhythmias, low-output states and cardiac surgery.
eThis category includes deaths due to stroke, embolism, peripheral vascular disease, vascular surgery and carotid endarterectomy.