Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of individuals stratified by categories of baseline serum bicarbonate concentration
| Baseline serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <22 (N = 134) | 22–25.9 (N = 442) | 26–29 (N = 516) | >29 (N = 148) | ||
| Age (years) | 68.2 ± 11.7 | 68.6 ± 10.5 | 67.9 ± 10.9 | 68.9 ± 10.7 | 0.6 |
| Race (Black) | 41 (31) | 120 (27) | 114 (22) | 23 (16) | 0.006 |
| DM | 58 (43) | 243 (55) | 301 (58) | 79 (54) | 0.019 |
| ASCVD | 70 (52) | 241 (54) | 297 (57) | 98 (66) | 0.057 |
| Smoking | 43 (34) | 102 (24) | 128 (26) | 28 (20) | 0.059 |
| Comorbidity index | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
| Calcitriol use | 43 (32) | 147 (33) | 154 (30) | 39 (26) | 0.4 |
| Calcium containing medication use | 60 (45) | 134 (30) | 122 (24) | 21 (15) | <0.001 |
| Sevelamer HCl use | 20 (15) | 54 (12) | 51 (10) | 9 (6) | 0.06 |
| ACEI/ARB use | 87 (65) | 331 (75) | 406 (79) | 116 (78) | 0.008 |
| Statin use | 57 (43) | 287 (65) | 360 (70) | 105 (71) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 29.8 ± 6.0 | 29.9 ± 6.4 | 0.002 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 151 ± 28 | 152 ± 26 | 149 ± 26 | 144 ± 24 | 0.007 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 ± 15 | 75 ± 16 | 74 ± 15 | 73 ± 16 | 0.4 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 27.2 ± 15.8 | 34.8 ± 15.7 | 40.0 ± 16.2 | 45.9 ± 19.1 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ±0.5 | 0.6 |
| Serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 184 ± 52 | 191 ± 55 | 191 ± 54 | 188 ± 70 | 0.5 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Blood Hgb (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 1.8 | 13.0 ± 1.8 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Blood WBC (1000/mm3) | 7.1 (6.7–7.6) | 7.4 (7.2–7.6) | 7.2 (7.1–7.4) | 7.3 (6.9–7.7) | 0.7 |
| Blood lymphocytes (%WBC) | 22.8 ± 8.5 | 23.2 ± 8.3 | 23.5 ± 8.6 | 22.7 ± 9.2 | 0.7 |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 1150 (900–1470) | 776 (673–896) | 687 (603–784) | 564 (426–745) | 0.0006 |
Data are presented as means ± SD, number (% of total) or geometric means (95% confidence interval).
DM, diabetes mellitus; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hgb, haemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell count.
Comparisons are made by ANOVA or the chi-square test.