TABLE 2.

Strategy for Ongoing Studies with Vertebrate and Invertebrate Estrogen and ARs

	Invertebrate		Reptiles and amphibians			Fish		Bird	Mammal
	Mud snail	Water flea	Northern Leopard Frog	Giant Salamander	American Alligator	Rainbow trout	Fathead minnow	Japanese Quail	Chimpanzee	Human
Obtain animal tissues	X	X	X	N/A	N/A	N/A	X	N/A	N/A	N/A
Prepare complimentary DNA library	X	X	X	N/A	N/A	N/A	X	N/A	N/A	N/A
Isolate ER or AR			Ongoing	N/A	N/A	N/A	ERα, AR	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sequence ER or AR				ERα1	ERα1	ERα3, AR2	ERα, AR	ERα1	AR1	ERα1,AR1
Express ER or AR				ERα	ERα	ERα	Erα, AR	ERα	AR	ERα, AR
ER or AR Function					Ongoing	AR	Erα, AR		AR	ERα, AR
Compare function across species						AR	ERα4, AR		ARongoing	ERα4, AR

Note. ERα¹ = sequence obtained from GenBank. AR² = expression vector generously provided by Takeo and Yamashita (1999); ERα³ = expression vector generously provided by F. Pakdel (Pakdel et al., 2000), ERα⁴ = manuscript in preparation, N/A = not applicable—sequence obtained from outside sources or GenBank. Mud snail = Ilyanassa obsolete, Water flea = Daphnia magna, Northern Leopard Frog = Rana pipiens, Japanese Quail = Coturnix japonica, Giant salamander = Andrias davidianus, Rainbox trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss, fathead minnow = Pimephales promelas, American alligator = Alligator mississippiensis, Chimpanzee = Pan troglodytes.