Table 4.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Police-Reported Judgment of Alcohol Involvement for Blood Alcohol Concentrations of ≥ 0.08 g/dl by Selected Driver, Crash and Vehicle Characteristics (N=40,033).
| Characteristic | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Carrier Drivers | Non Motor Carrier Drivers | Motor Carrier Drivers | Non Motor Carrier Drivers | |
| Age | ||||
| 15 – 24 | 0.85 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.93) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.95) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) |
| 25 – 34 | 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) |
| 35 – 44 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.90) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.92) |
| 45 – 54 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.91) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.90) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) |
| 55 – 64 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.80) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.89) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) |
| 65+ | n/a | 0.78 (0.73, 0.84) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.95) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 0.82 (0.79, 0.86) | 0.90 (0.89, 0.91) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.88, 0.90) |
| Female | n/a | 0.88 (0.86, 0.90) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.97) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.94) |
| Survival Status | ||||
| Fatal | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) | 0.93 (0.93, 0.94) | 0.91 (0.91, 0.92) |
| Survived | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) |
| Method of Alcohol Determination by Police | ||||
| Evidential test | 0.93 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) |
| Preliminary breath test | 0.92 (0.78, 1.07) | n/a | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.96) |
| Behavioral alcohol test | n/a | n/a | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) | 0.48 (0.26, 0.69) |
| Passive alcohol sensor | n/a | n/a | 0.47 (0.30, 0.65) | 0.67 (0.29, 1.04) |
| Observed | 0.79 (0.66, 0.91) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) |
| Other | 0.75 (0.45, 1.05) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) |
| Not reported | 0.69 (0.61, 0.76) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.83) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.94, 0.95) |
| Day of Crash | ||||
| Monday – Thursday | 0.79 (0.74, 0.83) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.90) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.92) |
| Friday - Sunday | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) |
| Time of Crash | ||||
| 00:00 – 05:59 | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) | 0.78 (0.76, 0.80) |
| 06:00 – 11:59 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.77) | 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.95) |
| 12:00 – 17:59 | 0.77 (0.70, 0.84) | 0.85 (0.82, 0.87) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.92 (0.92, 0.93) |
| 18:00 – 23:59 | 0.86 (0.81, 0.91) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) | 0.95 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.86) |
| Month of Crash | ||||
| January – March | 0.86 (0.80, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.89, 0.92) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.90 (0.89, 0.90) |
| April – June | 0.86 (0.81, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.91) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) |
| July – September | 0.77 (0.71, 0.84) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) |
| October – December | 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.90) | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) |
| Characteristic | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | ||
| Motor Carrier Drivers | Non Motor Carrier Drivers | Motor Carrier Drivers | Non Motor Carrier Driver | |
|
| ||||
| Year of Crash | ||||
| 1982 – 1984 | 0.79 (0.69, 0.89) | 0.86 (0.83, 0.90) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.93) | 0.88 (0.86, 0.90) |
| 1985 – 1989 | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) |
| 1990 – 1994 | 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) | 0.94 (0.94, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) |
| 1995 – 1999 | 0.83 (0.76, 0.91) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.91) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.94) |
| 2000 – 2005 | 0.74 (0.65, 0.83) | 0.89 (0.88, 0.91) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) |
| Geographic Region | ||||
| Northeast | 0.73 (0.61, 0.86) | 0.84 (0.81, 0.87) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) |
| Midwest | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.92) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.93) |
| South | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) | 0.89 (0.88, 0.90) | 0.93 (0.93, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) |
| West | 0.78 (0.70, 0.85) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.93) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.92) |
n/a=not applicable because of zero cell or small sample size in one or more cells.
Biographical Sketch on All Authors For Manuscript Entitled “Validity of Police-Reported Alcohol Involvement In Fatal Motor Carrier Crashes in the United States Between 1982 and 2005”