Table 5.
Adjusted GM (95% confidence interval) for concentrations (lipid adjusted) of persistent organic pollutants and regression coefficient for number of breast-fed children for at least 1 month, parity, and pregnancy status for all females in this study, identified from NHANES 1999–2000 and 2001–2002.
| Chemical | No. of children breast-fed ≥ 1 month β (SE) | Parity
|
Pregnant
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nulliparous | Primiparous | Multiparous | Yes | No | ||
| PCB-126 | 0.0045 (0.019) | 16.7 (13.7–20.5) | 16.6 (13.4–20.6) | 14.6 (11.7–18.1) | 12 (8.3–17.3) | 15.9 (14.5–17.3) |
| PCB-138/158 | −0.025 (0.012)## | 17.4 (15.3–19.9) | 17.1 (15.1–19.5) | 15.8 (14–17.9) | 13.3 (11.4–15.5) | 16.8 (15.8–18)# |
| PCB-153 | −0.026 (0.011)## | 24.9 (22.4–27.6) | 24.3 (21.6–27.3) | 21.5 (19.4–23.9) | 18.5 (15.8–21.6) | 23.4 (22.1–24.9)# |
| PCB-169 | −0.0155 (0.017) | 11.5 (10–13.2) | 11.8 (10.4–13.3) | 10.7 (9.3–12.4) | 8.3 (6.7–10.10) | 11.4 (10.6–12.2)# |
| PCB-180 | 0.040 (0.011)## | 15.8 (14.3–17.5) | 14.9 (13.1–17) | 12.9 (11.8–14.2)** | 11.6 (10.2–13.3) | 14.4 (13.6–15.2)# |
| 1234678HpCDD | 0.0036 (0.014) | 32 (27.7–37) | 33.7 (29.3–38.9) | 33 (28.7–37.9) | 29.1 (23.4–36.2) | 33.1 (30.6–35.8) |
| 123678HxCDD | −0.0287 (0.024) | 11.5 (9.4–14.1) | 15.3 (12.4–18.9)** | 18.5 (15.3–22.2)** | 11.7 (9.3–14.7) | 15.8 (14.1–17.8)# |
| 1234678HpCDF | 0.0030 (0.012) | 7.1 (6.2–8.2) | 6.9 (5.9–8.1) | 7.1 (6.1–8.2) | 6.7 (5.4–8.3) | 7.1 (6.5–7.7) |
| 12346789OCDD | 0.00017 (0.0.14) | 272.2 (235–315.2) | 263.7 (229.1–303.4) | 291.8 (252.6–336.9) | 278.5 (224.9–344.9) | 280.2 (258.5–303.8) |
| β-HCH | −0.0155 (0.017) | 8 (6.8–9.6) | 7.3 (6.3–8.4) | 7.8 (6.8–8.9) | 7.3 (5–10.7) | 7.8 (7.3–8.4) |
| p,p′DDE | −0.0152 (0.021) | 280.6 (229.8–342.6) | 214.3 (187.6–244.7)** | 220.9 (192.5–253.6) | 228.3 (172–303.1) | 237.7 (217.6–259.7) |
| trans-Nonachlor | −0.0317 (0.016) | 15 (13.2–17.1) | 14.4 (12.8–16.1) | 14.2 (12.6–16.1) | 13.1 (11.3–15.2) | 14.6 (13.6–15.6) |
Sample size varied from 779 to 1,088, depending on the chemical. The model was adjusted for parity, trimester, pregnancy status, age, BMI, race/ethnicity, country of birth, fish and shellfish eaten in the last 30 days, number of children breast-fed ≥ 1 month, and serum cotinine as independent variables. Log of serum concentration (lipid adjusted) chemical was the independent variable. Remaining data for the model are provided in Supplemental Material, Tables 6 and 7 (doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800319.S1).
Statistically significantly different than nulliparous females at α = 0.05.
Statistically significantly different than pregnant females at α = 0.05.
Statistically significantly different than 0 at α = 0.05.