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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 May 6;103(3):114–123. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.018

Table 3.

Significant direct effects or differential criterion functioning (DCF) of DSM-IV cocaine and opioid dependence symptoms from MIMIC modeling

Background variables Estimate of direct effects (S.E.) Criterion item
Cocaine users1 Cocaine dependence criteria
White vs. non-white −0.33 (0.15) D1: Tolerance
White vs. non-white 0.30 (0.14) D6: Giving up important activities
Opioid dependence vs. no 0.33 (0.17) D2: Withdrawal
Opioid dependence vs. no −0.38 (0.14) D7: Continued use despite problems
Opioid users2 Opioid dependence criteria
≥ high school vs. < high school −0.30 (0.13) D5: Time spent using or recovering
Cocaine dependence vs. no −0.38 (0.17) D2: Withdrawal
Cocaine dependence vs. no 0.30 (0.14) D6: Giving up important activities

S.E. = standard error.

1

Model fit index: CFI = 0.967, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA=0.057.

2

Model fit index: CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA=0.062.