Table 2.
Baseline characteristics associated with smoking status at 24 weeks postpartum (N = 49)
| Smoking status at 24-week follow-up |
|||
| Nonsmoker (n = 26) | Smoker (n = 23) | p value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age, years; M (SD) | 27.7 (6.0) | 28.7 (5.7) | .59 |
| Education (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 0 | 13.0 | .09 |
| High school graduate/some college | 50.0 | 56.5 | |
| College graduate or more | 50.0 | 30.4 | |
| Insurance type (%) | |||
| Private | 54.2 | 38.1 | .63 |
| Marital status (%) | |||
| Married/living with partner | 65.4 | 43.5 | .15 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
| White | 61.5 | 43.5 | .53 |
| Black | 15.4 | 34.8 | |
| Hispanic | 19.2 | 17.4 | |
| Other | 3.8 | 4.3 | |
| Pregnancy characteristics | |||
| Nulliparous (%) | 84.6 | 47.8 | .01 |
| Unhappy/not sure about pregnancy (%) | 23.1 | 54.5 | .03 |
| Baseline smoking characteristics | |||
| Cigarettes per day prior to pregnancy; M (SD) | 8.3 (6.9) | 8.2 (6.2) | .73 |
| Weeks quit (median) | 4.5 | 8.0 | .83 |
| Desire to stay quit (a lot, %) | 92.0 | 95.7 | 1.0 |
| Spouse current smoker (%) | 50.0 | 42.9 | .90 |
| Mood characteristics | |||
| BDI; M (SD)a | 5.7 (4.5) | 5.3 (4.8) | .63 |
| BAI; M (SD)b | 7.4 (7.0) | 4.7 (5.8) | .23 |
| PSS; M (SD)c | 7.8 (2.7) | 8.3 (3.0) | .57 |
| Ever struggled with depression (%) | 7.7 | 39.1 | .01 |
| Ever struggled with anxiety (%) | 16.0 | 8.7 | .67 |
| Had mood counseling during pregnancy (%) | 0.0 | 21.7 | .02 |
Note. aBeck Depression Inventory (BDI) scoring range = 0–63.
b
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scoring range = 0–63.
c
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) range = 0–16, higher = greater perceived stress.