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. 2009 Jul 20;106(31):12623–12628. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906374106

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Summary of climate change, vegetational shifts, and Mammuthus exilis (Pygmy Mammoth) extinction at the YDB shown relative to the age of hexagonal diamonds in Arlington Canyon and regional biomass burning proxies. Comparison of the known terminal age of M. exilis (A) and age of Arlington Canyon hexagonal diamonds and major YDB wildfire episode (B) with other proxies in Santa Barbara Basin between 15 and 11 ka; (C) percent abundance of montane forest types (Juniperus-Cupressus) (29); (D) ratio of pollen to charcoal concentration in Santa Barbara Basin (34); (E) δ18O record of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (35); (F) Comparative Greenland Ice Sheet (GISP2) δ18O record (36) with heavy gauge lines representing splines of raw data. Santa Barbara Basin chronology is from ref. 35. Gray dashed line marks the initiation of the Younger Dryas cooling event in Greenland and Santa Barbara Basin, an event considered synchronous between these records. Drawing shows the size of M. exilis compared with M. columbi of the North American continent (illustration by Rusty Van Rossman).