Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with and without TKA/THA
| Control (n = 38 146–29 262) | Primary TKA (n = 516–531) | Primary THA (n = 247–254) | Combination groupa (n = 447–461) | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± s.d., yrs | 60.7 ± 15.4 | 71.6 ± 9 | 69.4 ± 11.2 | 72.2 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Years since first arthroplasty surgery, mean ± s.d. | N/A | 2.3 ± 2.6 | 2.3 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Malec, % | 95 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 0.003 |
| Whitec, % | 94 | 96 | 99 | 98 | <0.001 |
| Married, % | 52 | 70 | 60 | 67 | <0.001 |
| Currently smokec, % | 24 | 11 | 16 | 13 | <0.001 |
| Employment status | <0.001 | ||||
| Employed, % | 34 | 19 | 21 | 15 | |
| Unemployed, % | 23 | 11 | 17 | 12 | |
| Retired, % | 36 | 65 | 58 | 70 | |
| Unknown, % | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |
| Education levelc | <0.001 | ||||
| <8th grade, % | 16 | 31 | 31 | 27 | |
| Some high school, % | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 | |
| High school graduate, % | 36 | 36 | 34 | 34 | |
| College and beyond, % | 36 | 36 | 21 | 25 | |
| Presence of self-reported physician diagnosis of | |||||
| Arthritis, % | 53 | 86 | 84 | 84 | <0.001 |
| Asthma/COPD, % | 26 | 27 | 24 | 25 | 0.72 |
| Depression, % | 28 | 31 | 26 | 31 | 0.31 |
| Diabetes, % | 18 | 26 | 16 | 22 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 35 | 36 | 39 | 40 | 0.056 |
| Heart disease, % | 34 | 42 | 33 | 42 | <0.001 |
| Number of comorbid conditions, mean ± s.d. | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of with ≥2 comorbidities, % | 53 | 66 | 56 | 67 | <0.001 |
| Number of ADLs with limitations, mean ± s.d. | 1.5 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 2 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of Service-connectiond, % | <0.001 | ||||
| 0% or no | 61 | 49 | 63 | 54 | |
| 1–49% | 25 | 26 | 18 | 20 | |
| 50–100% | 14 | 25 | 20 | 26 |
aCombination group, ≥1 primary or 1 primary plus ≥1 revision TKA or THA. bP-values denote comparisons between subjects with and without TKA/THA (all three survey-derived measures). Survey-derived measures were available for 36 978–39 297 subjects; All other measures were available from administrative databases for ∼70 542–70 991 subjects. cRace data were available for 40 506 subjects without TKA/THA and 1448 with TKA/THA/combination; current smoking status (from survey data) was available for 35 852 subjects without TKA/THA and 1126 TKA/THA/combination; gender data were available for 69 238 subjects without and 1753 with TKA/THA/combination; education status was available for 38 102 subjects without TKA/THA and 1195 with TKA/THA/combination. dMean ± s.d. for percentage of service-connection was as follows: TKA, 25 ± 33%; THA, 18 ± 31%; Combination group, 25 ± 34%; and control, 16 ± 28%; the range for percentage of service-connection was none–100% for all four categories. ADLs: activities of daily living.