Table 1.

Socio-economic–demographic variables and cardiovascular damage in LUMINA (patients by univariable analyses)^a

	Cardiovascular damage
Variable	Yes (n = 43)	No (n = 594)	P-value
Age, mean ± s.d., years	48.1 ± 15.7	35.6 ± 12.0	<0.0001
Gender (male), %	25.5	9.1	0.0006
Ethnicity, %
Texan Hispanic	18.6	18.5
Puerto Rican Hispanic	2.3	17.0	0.0739
African–American	41.9	36.7
Caucasian	37.2	27.8
Education, mean ± s.d., years	11.2 ± 3.7	13.1 ± 3.0	0.0018
Povertya, %	39	33.2	0.4423
Smoking, %	23.8	12.9	0.0422
Drinking, %	7.1	10.2	0.5229

^aAs per the US federal government guidelines, adjusted for the number of persons in the household.