Table 2.
Clinical variables and cardiovascular damage in LUMINA patients by univariable analyses
| Cardiovascular damage |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Yes (n = 43) | No (n = 594) | P-value |
| Acute onset type, % | 9.3 | 15.3 | 0.2848 |
| Disease duration, mean ± s.d., years | 6.6 ± 3.8 | 5.8 ± 3.6 | 0.1944 |
| BMI, mean ± s.d. | 33.2 ± 18.8 | 28.4 ± 7.7 | 0.1248 |
| Cumulative disease manifestations, % | |||
| Malar rash | 51.2 | 62.2 | 0.1541 |
| Photosensitivity | 67.4 | 65.8 | 0.829 |
| Discoid rash | 14 | 17.2 | 0.5871 |
| Oral ulcers | 67.4 | 57.6 | 0.2052 |
| Arthritis | 81.4 | 79.6 | 0.7808 |
| Serositis | 69.8 | 49 | 0.0085 |
| Neurological disorder | 14 | 12.3 | 0.7492 |
| Renal disorder | 41.9 | 38.6 | 0.6672 |
| Renal disorder (histopathological data included) | 72.1 | 49.8 | 0.0048 |
| Haematological disorder | 86.1 | 80.1 | 0.3444 |
| Immunological disorder | 100 | 93.8 | 0.4741 |
| Cardiovascular manifestations, % | |||
| Valvular heart disease | 39.5 | 6.6 | <0.0001 |
| Angina | 23.3 | 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Conduction defects | 16.3 | 3.2 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 44.2 | 3.5 | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 51.2 | 6.2 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 81.4 | 57.1 | 0.0018 |
| Pulmonary manifestations, % | |||
| Pneumonitis | 23.3 | 11.6 | 0.0253 |
| Pulmonary haemorrhage | 11.6 | 2.2 | 0.0003 |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension | 9.3 | 2.2 | 0.0052 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 14 | 6.7 | 0.0749 |
| Claudication | 0 | 1.2 | 0.4741 |
| Venous thrombosis | 14 | 8.9 | 0.2718 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 2.3 | 3.2 | 0.7512 |
| Diabetes | 7 | 4.7 | 0.5059 |
| Medications, % | |||
| HCQ | 88.4 | 85.4 | 0.5866 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 32.6 | 26 | 0.3475 |
| AZA | 37.2 | 29.5 | 0.2876 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 5.7 | 10.8 | 0.342 |
| Low-dose aspirin | 39.5 | 22.7 | 0.0125 |
| Statins | 27.9 | 14 | 0.0133 |
| Warfarin | 23.3 | 8.9 | 0.0024 |
| Anti-platelets | 16.3 | 2.4 | <0.0001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 58.1 | 40.2 | 0.0214 |
| Weighted glucocorticoid, mean ± s.d. (as mg of prednisone) | 11.0 ± 13.6 | 8.9 ± 11.8 | 0.2659 |
| Glucocorticoids, as mg of prednisone | |||
| <10 | 46.5 | 40.4 | |
| 10–30 | 27.9 | 35.9 | 0.5651 |
| >30 | 25.6 | 23.7 | |
| SLAM-R, mean ± s.d. [at diagnosis (TD)] | 12.1 ± 5.6 | 10.9 ± 5.9 | 0.0794 |
| SDI, mean ± s.d. [at the baseline visit (T0)] | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | <0.0001 |
| CRP tertiles | |||
| Lower third | 26.2 | 34.3 | |
| Middle third | 14.3 | 34.2 | 0.0007 |
| Higher third | 59.5 | 31.6 | |
| ACR, mean ± s.d. [criteria number (TD)] | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 0.5196 |
| ACR, mean ± s.d. [criteria number (T0)] | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 0.3439 |
| Lipid profile | |||
| Cholesterol, mean ± s.d., mg | 175.8 ± 57.1 | 175.5 ± 64.9 | 0.9754 |
| Triglycerides, mean ± s.d., mg | 156.6 ± 74.3 | 143.5 ± 88.3 | 0.3522 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean ± s.d., mg | 107.4 ± 51.5 | 108.6 ± 55.1 | 0.8897 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean ± s.d., mg | 35.9 ± 16.6 | 37.3 ± 17.3 | 0.6199 |